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STATEMENT OF
Commissioner Jonathan S. Adelstein
Concurring in Part, Dissenting in Part
Re: Complaints Regarding Various Television Licensees Concerning Their
February 1, 2004 Broadcast of the Super Bowl XXXVIII Halftime Show, Order
on Reconsideration
The Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show was arguably one of the most shocking
incidents in the history of live broadcast television. Indeed, the Super
Bowl was the most-watched program of the entire 2003-04 television season
and American viewers, collectively, expressed their disappointment and
disapproval. The Commission, entrusted with the responsibility to execute
faithfully broadcast indecency laws, responded swiftly and appropriately.
While I agree with the ultimate outcome of today's Order on
Reconsideration, I concur in part because the Commission again has not
provided much-needed clarity and guidance to our decision-making process
in indecency enforcement. In addition, I dissent in part because I
continue to believe the Commission has erred in fining only CBS owned and
operated stations, not all stations that broadcasted the indecent
material.
Considering the substantial public confusion that pervades the
Commission's indecency enforcement, we should, whenever possible, opt for
clear statements of Commission policy. Until today, Commission policy has
been to refrain from considering third-party polls or opinion surveys in
assessing whether a program is indecent as measured by contemporary
community standards. Regardless whether the poll or survey attempts to
reflect the views of the national or local audience, the Commission simply
does not consider opinion polls in indecency cases and polls are not a
factor in determining the contemporary community standards. To suggest
otherwise, as the instant Order does, is contrary to long standing
Commission policy.
I also have grave concerns with the failure of this Order to provide clear
guidance on the nature of the Commission's new fine imposition policy
announced in the March 15^th, 2006, Omnibus TV Order. Rather than stating
what the new policy is not, as today's Order does, the Commission should
state affirmatively the key features of our new "more limited approach
towards the imposition of forfeiture penalties." After all, it is still
unclear how the Commission determines the sufficiency of a viewer's
complaint in light of this new enforcement policy.
Finally, I dissented in part in our initial Super Bowl decision (the
September 22^nd, 2004, Notice of Apparent Liability), and I do so again
today. I continue to believe the Commission has decided erroneously to
fine only CBS owned and operated stations, not all stations that
broadcasted the indecent material. Notwithstanding the fact that this
Commission has always purported to apply a national indecency standard on
the broadcast medium, the Commission has failed to penalize the vast
majority of stations that actually broadcasted the offending halftime
performance.
I believe now, as I believed then, that this is not the restrained
enforcement policy the Supreme Court advised in Pacifica. Consistent with
the values of First Amendment, this Commission should exercise restraint
and caution in its determination of the type of expression that is
indecent. But once the indecency determination is made, the Commission
should apply a uniform fine imposition policy across the broadcast medium.
The Commission has an obligation to provide clarity and guidance whenever
possible. Equally, the Commission is obligated to enforce a consistent
fine imposition policy across the broadcast medium. Sadly, today's Order
fails to meet our obligation on both counts. Accordingly, I concur in part
and dissent in part to this Order on Reconsideration.
While the Commission, in today's Order, maintains that it rejects the use
of third-party polls as "determinative" and that it does not "rely" upon
any third-party polls, we should provide clear guidance as to whether the
Commission, as a matter of policy, even "considers" polls in its indecency
analysis. The answer to that inquiry should be an unequivocal "no." Rather
than making this point clear, the Commission engages in a gratuitous
discussion about the adequacy of the polls cited by CBS. The Commission
argues that the opinion polls cited by CBS were unavailing because the
polls did not answer the central legal question - namely, "whether the
Super Bowl broadcast was patently offensive under contemporary community
standards." Order at P 14. This discussion is misleading because the
Commission does not consider polling data, notwithstanding the artfulness
of the questions asked by pollsters.
Order at P 30.
Complaints Regarding Various Television Programs Broadcast Between
February 2, 2002 and March 8, 2005, FCC 06-17 (released March 15, 2006)
(Omnibus TV Order) at P 71.
In a failed attempt to address this significant concern, the instant Order
states that "it is sufficient that viewers in markets served by each of
the CBS Stations filed complaints with the Commission identifying the
allegedly indecent program broadcast by the CBS Stations." This is a mere
restatement of fact, not a policy statement of the essential components of
a sufficient and adequate complaint.
In the Omnibus TV Order, the sole guidance the Commission provided was
that it would propose forfeiture against only the licensee whose broadcast
of the material was actually the subject of a viewer complaint. Omnibus TV
Order at P 71. Yet in the same order, based on a California viewer's
complaint of indecent material against a local Washington, D.C. affiliate
and the entire network, the Commission proposed forfeiture only against
the local D.C. affiliate. The California viewer did not even assert that
she viewed the program in Washington, D.C. Further, in the same case, it
was completely unclear whether the complainant even watched the program on
over-the-air broadcasting or on cable. The Commission is obligated to
resolve or clarify these legitimate concerns.
See Complaints Against Various Television Licensees Concerning Their
February 1, 2004, Broadcast of the Super Bowl XXXVIII Halftime Show,
Notice of Apparent Liability for Forfeiture, FCC 04-209 (released
September 22, 2004) (Commr. Jonathan S. Adelstein, approving in part and
dissenting in part).
Federal Communications Commission FCC 06-68
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Federal Communications Commission FCC 06-68