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C. 20554 ă  S!-In the Matter of  hh,V) ppWT Docket No. 95102  S-` `  hh,V)ppRM8499  S-Amendment of Part 95 of thehh,V)  S-Commission's Rules to hh,V)  S-Establish a Very Short Distancehh,V)  SY -TwoWay Voice Radio Servicehh,V)  S -   MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER ă  Si- Adopted: October 30, 1998 Released: November 9, 1998  S- By the Commission:   S-  I. INTRODUCTION & EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ă  SQ-   I. A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a) 1 1 1. a.(1)(a) i) a)1.` ` By a Report and Order adopted on May 10, 1996, the Commission established the Family  S+-  Radio Service ("FRS"), a very short distance, twoway voice personal radio service.?+T {O-#X\  P6G;IP#эSee Amendment of Part 95 of the Commission's Rules to Establish a Very Short Distance Twoway  {O]-Radio Service, WT Docket No. 95102, Report and Order, 11 FCC Rcd 12977 (1996) (Report and Order). ? Two timely petitions  S-  yfor reconsideration of the Report and Order have been filed one by the Personal Radio Steering Group,  S-  Inc. ("PRSG") and the other by Michael C. Trahos ("Trahos").Z$T {O-#X\  P6G;IP#э#X\  P6G;IP#Se#X\  P6G;IP#e Michael C. Trahos Petition for Partial Reconsideration, filed July 3, 1996 (Trahos petition) and Personal Radio Steering Group, Inc., Petition for Reconsideration of a Report and Order filed July 5, 1996  yO3-(PRSG petition).#Xj\  P6G;+XP# In addition, PRSG filed a Petition for   Stay ("Stay") requesting that implementation of the new FRS rules be stayed pending resolution of its   reconsideration petition, and Motorola has filed a Request for Clarification requesting that we clarify that   an antenna must be a nondetachable antenna to be an "integral antenna" within the meaning of the FRS  S=-rules.=FT {O#"-#X\  P6G;IP#э#X\  P6G;IP#See Motorola Request for Clarification, filed April 10, 1998.  S-  2.` ` In its Petition, PRSG requests a series of additional rules and rule changes which it argues   are primarily designed to provide greater assurance that the FRS is used for its intended purposes. It also   expresses concern that some users of FRS units may not share spectrum responsibly with other users, and   requests that we adopt rule changes to maintain the integrity of the FRS as a short distance, occasional   use service for individuals. PRSG also requests that we relax interference standards when FRS units are"M,**`` "  S-  ztransmitting on channels shared with the General Mobile Radio Service ("GMRS").F|[ yOh-#X\  P6G;IP#эThe GMRS is a land mobile radio service available to persons for twoway communications to facilitate the activities of licensees and their immediate family members. The rules for GMRS are in 47 C.F.R. Part 95, Subpart A. The Commission is reevaluating this service in order to identify and eliminate regulations that have become unnecessary and to insure that the proposed streamlined licensing process collects the minimum  {O-information needed of GMRS licensees and applicants. See Biennial Regulatory Review Amendment of Parts 0, 1, 13, 22, 24, 26, 27, 80 87, 90, 95, 97, and 101 of the Commission's Rules to Facilitate the Development and  {O-Use of the Universal Licensing System in the Wireless Telecommunications Services, X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:affordable, and convenient means of direct, short range, twoway voice communications among small  S -  groups of persons, with minimum regulation.h |[ {O~-#X\  P6G;IP#эId. h In deciding to administer FRS within the Citizens Band   ("CB") Radio Service, the Commission sought to fulfill its goal of common sense regulation by licensing  S -this service by rule and adopting minimum technical standards.Q Z |[ yO-#X\  P6G;IP#эThe comments we received strongly agreed with this approach. Motorola, for example, stated that it  {O-was imperative that operation in the FRS not require individual licenses. See Report and Order, 11 FCC Rcd at 12983.Q  S2-  6.` ` To meet these needs and goals, the Commission recognized that the nature of FRS would   have to be sufficiently different from the CB Radio Service and GMRS that there would be no need to  S-  .impose on FRS the CB Radio Service or GMRS regulatory structure. |[ {OB-#X\  P6G;IP#эReport and Order, 11 FCC Rcd at 12980. Considering that FRS' proposed   use was primarily in a mobile or portable environment for very limited time periods, FRS was authorized  S-  very low power in the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) segment of the radio spectrum.R |[ {O!-#X\  P6G;IP#э#X\  P6G;IP#Report and Order, 11 FCC Rcd at 12978. FRS also was  Sj-  authorized a frequency modulation (FM) emission type which, due to the "capture effect" of FM,j|[ yO#-#X\  P6G;IP#э"Capture effect" is the phenomenon whereby the strongest signal received on a frequency is the only  yO$-signal that is demodulated by a FM receiver tuned to that frequency. further   limited the distance over which an FRS unit could communicate. Further, the Commission authorized   units to have only small and relatively inefficient antennas that are integral to the unit as another means   -of assuring that FRS does not disrupt GMRS communications on the seven channels it shares with GMRS. "<,')')``3"Ԍ S-  7.` ` PRSG argues that our goal of administering the FRS primarily through transmitter   ]technical standards, rather than complex operating rules, cannot be accomplished unless we adopt  S-  additional rules prohibiting specific operating practices.n|[ yO-#X\  P6G;IP#эPRSG Petition at 1, 4.n Specifically, PRSG proposes additional rules   to conform the FRS rules to the GMRS and CB rules prohibiting certain types of communications. For   example, PRSG requests that we prohibit FRS units from transmitting messages for hire, false or deceptive   messages, messages that intentionally interfere with other users' communications, and messages that are  S-  obscene or indecent.mX|[ {O -#X\  P6G;IP#эId. at 1516. m PRSG also argues that additional rules are necessary to prohibit FRS stations from  S-  transmitting any material to amuse or entertain and advertisements.d|[ {Or -#X\  P6G;IP#эId. d The Radio Shack Division of Tandy  S-  MCorporation ("Tandy") opposes PRSG's Petition||[ {O -#X\  P6G;IP#эSee Radio Shack Division of Tandy Corporation Opposition to Petitions for Reconsideration (Tandy Opposition) filed July 15, 1996, at 1. and argues that PRSG's requests have either been   considered and are already addressed by the rules, previously considered and rejected, or otherwise lack  Sp-merit.gp|[ {O-#X\  P6G;IP#эId. at 5.g  S -  8.` ` We disagree with PRSG's contention that because FRS is administered within the CB   [Radio Service and shares GMRS channels, rigid consistency with the CB Radio Service and GMRS rules  S -  is required or that CBtype problems will develop.x h |[ yO-#X\  P6G;IP#эCommission experience over the past 40 years has been that the problems in the CB Radio Service are due, in large part, to two reasons. The first reason is that frequency agile, extremely high power transmitting equipment from other radio services that can be used on CB channels without major modification is ready available. The second reason is that the long distance or "skip" propagation characteristics of the High Frequency segment of the radio spectrum encourage CB stations to attempt communications over great distances. Extremely high power transmitting equipment is the exception in UHF operations, and propagation in the UHF spectrum is generally line of sight.  We have reviewed the changes PRSG has requested   and find that the requested changes either duplicate the FRS rules or are unnecessary. For example, PRSG   requests rules explicitly prohibiting messages for hire, messages that are false, deceptive, obscene or   indecent, or messages that intentionally interfere with other users' communications needs. Section 95.193   Lof the Commission's Rules prohibits an individual from using a FRS unit in connection with any activity  S-  which is against federal, state or local law.|[ {OP!-#X\  P6G;IP#э#X\  P6G;IP#See 47 C.F.R.  95.193. Because fraudulent messages, messages that intentionally   interfere with other users' communications, and messages that are obscene or indecent violate federal  S-  law,:|[ {O$-#X\  P6G;IP#эSee 18 U.S.C.  1343, 1464; 47 U.S.C.  333. they are prohibited under our current FRS rules. Accordingly, we find that an additional rule to specifically address these uses of FRS is unnecessary.  S@-  9.` ` Moreover, we do not believe that a specific rule prohibiting FRS units from transmitting messages for hire is necessary because it is very unlikely that FRS would be used as a substitute for a ",')')``q"Ԍ  \commercial service given (1) its very low authorized power and limited range; (2) its lack of exclusive   channel assignments for any user; and (3) the lack of privacy of plain language FM voice communications.   MWe also see no reason to impose a rule on FRS prohibiting stations from transmitting any material to   =amuse, entertain, or advertise because PRSG has not provided any evidence that individuals are likely to  S`-use FRS to transmit these kinds of messages.`|[ yO-#X\  P6G;IP#э#X\  P6G;IP#We note that FRS has been authorized for over two years and we have not received any complaints that it has been used in this way.  S- B.` ` Spectrum Sharing with GMRS  S-  Q 10.` ` The Report and Order determined that GMRS channels were ideally suited for sharing  S-  jbetween the FRS and GMRS for three reasons. |[ {OZ -#X\  P6G;IP#эSee Report and Order, 11 FCC Rcd at 12980. First, it noted that the GMRS channels are not heavily  Sr-  =used.hr|[ {O-#X\  P6G;IP#эId. h Second, FRS and GMRS are similar in that both are intended to operate in a shared environment  SJ -  Mand provide for the personal communications needs of the general public.hJ D|[ {O.-#X\  P6G;IP#эId. h Finally, the FRS is a low   power service such that the range of any particular transmitter is small as compared to the more wide area  S -range of GMRS.h |[ {Op-#X\  P6G;IP#эId. h  S -  } 11.` ` PRSG does not dispute that FRS and GMRS can share spectrum now assigned exclusively  S -  <to GMRS.k h |[ yO-#X\  P6G;IP#эPRSG Petition at 4.k Rather, PRSG is concerned that some users of FRS units may not share spectrum responsibly  SZ-  with other FRS users and GMRS stations.kZ |[ {O-#X\  P6G;IP#эId. at 79. k PRSG proposes a set of rule changes it believes is necessary  S2-  <to ensure responsible use of the shared spectrum.l 2 |[ {O\-#X\  P6G;IP#эId. at 612. l Motorola opposes PRSG's Petition.!2|[ yO-#X\  P6G;IP#эOpposition of Motorola to Petition for Reconsideration (Opposition of Motorola) filed August 8, 1996, at 1. Motorola states   =that the additional operating rules would have little effect on users who desire to engage in activities that  S-  LPRSG would like to prevent.z"t|[ yO"-#X\  P6G;IP#эOpposition of Motorola at 2.z Instead, Motorola argues that the rules, as adopted will serve the public   interest by allowing manufacturers greater freedom to develop new FRS applications as the market"",')')``"  S-  dictates.g#|[ {Oh-#X\  P6G;IP#эId. at 3.g Tandy also opposes PRSG's proposals, stating that they would raise the cost of designing and  S-manufacturing FRS units.q$Z|[ yO-#X\  P6G;IP#эOpposition of Tandy at 7.q  S-   12.` ` We find PRSG's proposals unconvincing. PRSG requests that we promulgate a rule   limiting an FRS unit to transmitting no more than 120 consecutive seconds before a timeout timer built  S8-  jinto the FRS unit disables the transmitter.i%8|[ {O -#X\  P6G;IP#эId. at 7. i PRSG has provided no evidence, however, that "key down"  S-  events occur with any degree of frequency, or that if they occur, they are intentional.W&X||[ yO, -#X\  P6G;IP#э#X\  P6G;IP#A "key down" event occurs when the operator of a unit allows the microphone switch or other device that enables the transmitter to become engaged for an extended period of time. These events are usually inadvertent.W Further, if such   an event was to occur on a channel FRS shares with GMRS, we believe the overall impact would be   negligible. Only other users within the capture range of the malfunctioning transmitter would be affected,   [and those FRS users have up to thirteen other channels available to them within the area captured by the   [malfunctioning transmitter. Moreover, affected GMRS users have nine other channels available to them.   We also note that manufacturers have flexibility under the current rules to incorporate a timeout timer  S -in their products if they wish.' |[ yO\-#X\  P6G;IP#эOpposition of Motorola at 3. We note that, to conserve battery life, one manufacturer intends to  {O$-incorporate a timeout timer in its products. Id.    S -  13. PRSG also requests that we require FRS users to monitor a channel before transmitting.m( |[ yOf-#X\  P6G;IP#эPRSG Petition at 89.m   To facilitate such monitoring, PRSG suggests we require that FRS units be portable and convenient to  S -  carry and be designed so that they cannot transmit when the receiver is muted.i) |[ {O-#X\  P6G;IP#эId. at 9. i PRSG claims that this  SX-  is necessary to eliminate intentional interference.h*X|[ {O-#X\  P6G;IP#эId. at 15.h However, as we have already indicated, intentional  S0-  interference is already prohibited.+0|[ {Oz -#X\  P6G;IP#э#X\  P6G;IP#See 47 U.S.C.  333, 47 C.F.R.  95.193(c), and para. 8 supra. Therefore, the rule PRSG suggests would be redundant. Thus, we decline to promulgate such a rule. "<+,')')``"  S-  A 14.` ` PRSG further requests that we expand the prohibition against telephone interconnection},|[ {O@-#X\  P6G;IP#эSee 47 C.F.R.  95.193(e). }   to prohibit FRS units from transmitting any signal carried or intended to be carried over the public  S-  Lswitched network (PSN),k-Z|[ yO-#X\  P6G;IP#эPRSG Petition at 7.k require manufacturers to include a copy of the rules with each FRS station,h.|[ {O-#X\  P6G;IP#эId. at 12.h   kand prohibit manufacturers from designing FRS units that can be powered from anything other than a  S8-  =battery integral to the unit.k/8||[ {OT -#X\  P6G;IP#эId. at 1112.k Section 95.193(e) of the rules is an absolute prohibition against FRS units  S-  jbeing interconnected with PSN telephone lines.0|[ yO -#X\  P6G;IP#эSection 95.193(e) states; "No FRS unit may be interconnected to the public switched network." Interconnection to the PSN refers to electrical attachment of devices, such as modems, FAX machines and telephone equipment, to telephone circuits that are accessible to other users of the PSN. The Commission's interconnection rules, which are contained in 47 C.F.R. Part 68, do not address the type or content of message that may be carried over the PSN.  We believe that the expanded prohibition requested by   PRSG could effectively prohibit users from relaying emergency communications. For example,   prohibiting an individual from using an FRS unit to transmit a message to another FRS unit requesting   =that the operator of the second unit summon help via telephone would effectively prohibit FRS stations   lfrom being used in emergency situations. This result is inconsistent with Section 95.193(a) of the   Commission's Rules which authorizes use of an FRS unit to send emergency messages and provide  S -traveler assistance.1 |[ {O~-#X\  P6G;IP#э#X\  P6G;IP#See 47 C.F.R.  95.193(a).  S -  o15.` ` We also conclude that imposing a requirement that manufacturers include a copy of the   rules with each FRS unit is unnecessary. PRSG has not shown that manufacturers are not already   supplying sufficient information to users for them to operate their units in compliance with the applicable   Krules or share spectrum responsibly with other users. To the contrary, our experience is that manufacturers  S0-  routinely provide an operating manual when a consumer purchases an FRS unit.20P |[ {O -#X\  P6G;IP#э#X\  P6G;IP#See Motorola Request for Clarification, filed April 10, 1998, at 8. We also will not   .prohibit manufacturers from designing FRS units that can be powered from external power sources such   as automobile batteries or household battery eliminator devices because PRSG has not provided sufficient   evidence demonstrating that such a prohibition is warranted. Such a rule, we believe, would make FRS   units unattractive to potential purchasers, is unenforceable, and is inconsistent with our desire to allow  Sh-manufacturers to incorporate features FRS users demand.3h|[ {O#-#X\  P6G;IP#э#X\  P6G;IP#See Report and Order, 11 FCC Rcd at 12982. #Xj\  P6G;+XP# "@t3,')')``"  S- C.` ` Use of FRS  S-  S-  16.` ` The FRS was envisioned as a service that would facilitate activities around the home,   throughout the neighborhood, at group outings, and at activities where group members become separated,  S`-  either planned or inadvertently.4`|[ {O-#X\  P6G;IP#эSee Report and Order, 11 FCC Rcd at 12978. The FRS can be useful to hunters, campers, hikers, bicyclists, and other   youtdoor activity enthusiasts who need to communicate with other members of their party who are out of  S-  speaking range or sight but still in the same general area.a5Z|[ {O -#X\  P6G;IP#эId.a It enables families, friends, and associates to  S-communicate among themselves within neighborhoods and while on group outings.b6|[ {Ot -#X\  P6G;IP#эId. b  S-  17.` ` In the Report and Order, the Commission addressed the issue of whether manufacturers  Sr-  should be required to, or prohibited from, including specific features in FRS units. The Report and Order, stated:    ` ` We will not require suppliers to incorporate selective calling capability   (a specific feature) in FRS units. We believe suppliers will incorporate    features that FRS users demand as the market for this service develops.   VThe final rules, therefore, allow a manufacturer the option to provide   selective calling capability if and when it desires, and to use the  S4-technology the manufacturer decides is most appropriate.74~{ {OR-#X\  P6G;IP#эSee Report and Order, 11 FCC Rcd at 12982.  S-   ` `  18.` ` PRSG asks that we adopt rule changes to maintain the integrity of the FRS as a short  S-  distance, occasional use service for individualst8|[ yOl-#X\  P6G;IP#эPRSG Petition at 56, 911. t by prohibiting users from remotely controlling FRS units,  S-  and prohibiting FRS units from using voiceactuated transmitters.m9|[ {O-#X\  P6G;IP#эId. at 5, 910.m PRSG also requests that we prohibit   manufacturers from including a voice activation capability in FRS units and that we prohibit FRS units  SD-  from transmitting the audio signal from any other FRS unit or audio device.g:D2 |[ {O -#X\  P6G;IP#эId. at 6.g PRSG argues that if the   kCommission does not prohibit a FRS unit from being voice actuated, an individual may locate an FRS   unit near another audio source (such as another FRS unit or broadcast radio receiver) and allow the FRS  S-  unit to be voice actuated, thereby creating a "time domain repeater."f; |[ {O0$-#X\  P6G;IP#эId. 56.f PRSG is concerned that through   this process, the FRS "repeater" could have transmitter coverage of an entire metropolitan area and that  S|-this is inconsistent with the intended use of the service.g<|V |[ {Or'-#X\  P6G;IP#эId. at 5.g "T<,')')``"  S-  B19.` ` PRSG's petition raises three general issues. First, PRSG's hypothetical example raises   the issue of whether we should adopt a rule prohibiting manufacturers of FRS units from including   circuitry that allows voice activation of the transmitter. As an initial matter, we note that voice activation,   or "hands free" operation, is a feature routinely included in the transmitters that individuals use in the CB   Radio Service, GMRS and land mobile handheld transceivers, Part 15 devices, and cellular telephones.   We believe that FRS will be used in environments and for communications similar to these services.   PRSG provides no evidence that voice activation of transmitters in these short distance radio services has   [been used by individuals to extend the distance they can communicate. We believe that not only is voice   activation a feature that consumers routinely find useful, especially in recreational activities, but that it   >also enhances safety of the user and the public when the user is engaged in activities, such as driving,   [hunting or rock climbing, that require use of both hands. We also note that hands free or voice activation   features allows individuals who, because of a disability, are not able to manipulate transmitter controls   to use communication products. Voice activation is simply another feature that manufacturers may or may   not choose to offer on equipment for the FRS market. We see no reason to treat a voice activation feature   any differently than a selective calling capability, and therefore, we will allow manufacturers the option of offering this capability.  SX-  20.` ` The second issue the petition raises is whether we should impose an elevation or height   above average terrain ("HAAT") limitation on the use of FRS units. We see no reason to impose an   {elevation or HAAT limitation on FRS units based on speculation that an individual may configure   kequipment to create a FRS "repeater." None of the equipment that has been approved for FRS use is   capable of receiving messages on one FRS channel and simultaneously retransmitting these messages on   another. Additionally, PRSG does not present any evidence that users of other short distance radio   services routinely configure their equipment to act as "repeaters", or that channels in other radio services,   including repeaterbased radio services, are intentionally occupied by stations retransmitting audio communications from other audio devices.  S-  21.` ` Lastly, the third issue raised is whether we should prohibit unattended operation of FRS   units. We believe a rule prohibiting unattended operation of FRS units is unnecessary because it is   unlikely, based on the use that individuals make of other consumer radio services, that an individual will   intentionally allow an FRS unit to transmit without interruption for extended periods of time. Even if this   jsituation were to inadvertently occur, the FRS rules authorize other FRS users within the capture area of  S-  the unattended FRS unit thirteen other channels they may use. =|[ {Oh-#X\  P6G;IP#э#X\  P6G;IP#See 47 C.F.R.  95.627(a). Thus, we decline to promulgate such a rule.  S- D.` ` Interference Standards  S8-  22.` ` In the Report and Order, the Commission adopted interference standards designed to  S -  \increase the FRSGMRS spectrum sharing capability without a significant increase in costs.> Z|[ {O $-#X\  P6G;IP#э#X\  P6G;IP#See Report and Order, 11 FCC Rcd at 12982. PRSG  S -  =requests that we relax these interference standards.o? |[ yOv&-#X\  P6G;IP#эPRSG Petition at 1314.o It suggests that, for the seven channels FRS shares" |?,')')``e""  S-  with GMRS, we use the less restrictive interference standards that apply to GMRS mobile transmitters.h@|[ {Oh-#X\  P6G;IP#эId. at 13.h   Motorola opposes PRSG's request because the standard we adopted does not exceed the current stateof  theart standard and will allow manufacturers to achieve economies of scale in building FRS and GMRS  S-transmitters utilizing technologies developed for Part 90 transmitters.&AZ|[ yO-#X\  P6G;IP#эOpposition of Motorola at 34. Motorola states these standards are consistent with the standards  {OJ-developed for UHF private land mobile systems under the Part 90 rules. Id. at 3.&  S8-  23.` ` We agree with Motorola that the FRS rules should not be revised to permit FRS units to   meet less stringent GMRS mobile station interference standards when FRS units transmit on channels  S-  shared with GMRS stations. The standards adopted were supported by the record and are consistent with  S-  current design standards for land mobile radio service equipment.B|[ {O -#X\  P6G;IP#эSee Report and Order, 11 FCC Rcd at 1298112982. We see no reason to use lower   Minterference standards based on speculation that manufacturers may want to market an FRS unit that   jtransmits only on the seven FRSGMRS shared channels. Manufacturers that only can meet the GMRS   xinterference standards can have this equipment typeaccepted for the GMRS and market GMRSinterstitialchannelonly equipment.  S - E.` ` Miscellaneous Issues  S -  S -  24.` ` GMRS/FRS Communication.   Trahos and PRSG request that we amend the GMRS rules  SZ-  to clarify that GMRS mobile and small base stationswCZZF|[ yO@-#X\  P6G;IP#эA small base station is any base station that transmits with no more than 5 watts effective radiated power and has an antenna no more than 6.1 meters (20 feet) above the ground or above the building or tree on  {O-which it is mounted. See 47 C.F.R.  95.25(e). w are permitted to communicate with FRS units on  S2-  their mutually authorized channels.D2h |[ yO:-#X\  P6G;IP#эTrahos Petition at 5; PRSG Petition at 1314. Tandy agrees that communication between FRS and GMRS stations should be allowed. Tandy Opposition at 8. Trahos is concerned that while FRS units and GMRS radio stations  S -  are authorized to operate on mutually permitted frequencies,E  |[ {Oj-#X\  P6G;IP#э#X\  P6G;IP#See 47 C.F.R.  95.627(a). Sections 95.59(c) and 95.61(b) of the rules  S-  appear to prohibit communications between these types of stations.F R |[ yO-#X\  P6G;IP#эTrahos Reply Comments at 6. Trahos cites to Sections 95.59(c) and 95.61(b) as rules that prohibit communications between GMRS stations and FRS units. Section 95.59(c) states: "A control station must not transmit communications to any other station." 47 C.F.R.  95.59(c). Section 95.61(b) states: "A fixed station must not transmit communications to any other station." 47 C.F.R.  95.61(b). Accordingly, Trahos requests that  S-we eliminate the ambiguity between these rules by amending Section 95.53(e)GX:|[ yO$-#X\  P6G;IP#э#X\  P6G;IP#Section 95.53(e) states; "A mobile station unit must not transmit communications to: (1) Any fixed station; (2) Any control station, directly; (3) Any station in the Amateur Radio Service; (4) Any unauthorized  yO$&-station; or (5) Any foreign station." 47 C.F.R.  95.53(e).#Xj\  P6G;+XP# of the rules to indicate " ZG,')')``"Ԍ S-  that such communications are permitted.H|[ yOh-#X\  P6G;IP#эTrahos Petition at 56, Reply Comments at 6. PRSG suggests that we  S-  amend two rule sectionsIX|[ yO-#X\  P6G;IP#эSection 95.55(b) states; "A base station must not transmit communications to: (1) Any mobile relay station; (2) Any base station; (3) Any paging receiver not in the same GMRS system; (4) Any fixed station; (5) Any control station; (6) Any station in the Amateur Radio Service; (7) Any unauthorized station; or (8) Any foreign station." 47 C.F.R.  95.55(b). Section 95.181(i)(14) states; "A station operator must not communicate messages (except emergency messages) to any station in the Amateur Radio Service, to any  yO-unauthorized station, or to any foreign station." 47 C.F.R.  95.181(i)(14).#Xj\  P6G;+XP# to clarify that FRS stations are not unauthorized stations for purposes of those  S-  =rules.rJ|[ yO -#X\  P6G;IP#эPRSG Petition at 13, 17. r PRSG is concerned that, if a GMRS station were to communicate with a FRS unit that has been  S-illegally modified, the GMRS station would be communicating with an unauthorized station.jK` |[ {O -#X\  P6G;IP#эId. at 17. j  S8-  25.` ` We agree it is very likely that GMRS stations and FRS units, when they hear each other,   will communicate with each other. We also believe that allowing GMRS stations and FRS units to   exchange messages on the seven channels they share, particularly in emergency situations, furthers our   goals of maximizing efficient use of the radio spectrum and promoting public safety. However, we find   Mit unnecessary to amend the rules as Trahos suggests. The rules to which Trahos cites as prohibiting   [GMRS stations from communicating with FRS units do not apply to the classes of GMRS land stations  SH -  =that are authorized to transmit on channels that are shared with FRS units.LH |[ {O-#X\  P6G;IP#эSee 47 C.F.R.  95.29(a)(1) and (2) (fixed and control station channel frequencies). FRS units are not authorized to transmit on any of these channel frequencies. GMRS stations, which are  S -  jauthorized by rule to share the 462 MHz interstitial channelsM L |[ {O -#X\  P6G;IP#эSee 47 C.F.R.  95.29(f) (GMRS interstitial channels). with FRS units, are mobile stationsBNX |[ yO-#X\  P6G;IP#эIn GMRS' lexicon, the definition of a mobile station includes a portable station. Portable stations typically consist of a handheld or other small radio that is battery powered and designed to be easily transported by an individual. B and   small base stations transmitting voice type emissions with relatively low power. Typically, these stations   are transmitting the same type of communications as FRS units. The rules already permit GMRS station  S -  operators to transmit the same messagesO |[ {OF -#X\  P6G;IP#эSee 47 C.F.R.  95.181(a) and (d). as FRS units and GMRS stations are not prohibited from  S -  communicating with FRS units.zP |[ {O"-#X\  P6G;IP#эSee 47 C.F.R.  95.53(e).z Nevertheless, we clarify, that GMRS and FRS units operating on the same frequencies may communicate with each other if the individual operators so choose.  S-  26.` ` We also do not believe it is necessary to amend Sections 95.53(e), 95.55(b), or 95.181(i)   Mof the rules as PRSG suggests. If an FRS station is modified in violation of the rules, the responsible   party is the individual operating the FRS unit, not the operator or licensee of a GMRS station receiving" "P,')')``"  S-  a radio signal from the modified FRS unit.{Q|[ {Oh-#X\  P6G;IP#эSee 47 C.F.R.  95.194(b).{ The prohibition against communicating with an unauthorized   station applies only to situations involving communications between a GMRS station and a station the   GMRS operator knows to be unlicensed, not to communications between a GMRS station and a FRS unit the GMRS operator does not know has been modified.  S8-  o27.` ` PRSG Petition for Stay. PRSG filed a Petition for Stay requesting that the Commission  S-  stay implementation of the FRS rules until we ruled on its petition for reconsideration.RZ|[ yO -#X\  P6G;IP#эPRSG Petition for Stay, dated July 5, 1996. Tandy opposed  S-  PRSG's request on the basis that PRSG had not made the showing necessary for us to grant a Stay.S|[ yOt -#X\  P6G;IP#эTandy Opposition to Petition to Stay, dated July 9, 1996 at 23. We  S-  agree with Tandy that a stay of the Report and Order is not warranted because PRSG had not shown it  S-  would suffer irreparable injury if we let the Report and Order become effective. We note that seven of   the channels we authorized FRS are not shared with any other service and the other seven channels, which  SN -  Lare shared with GMRS, were lightly used.TN z|[ {Oh-#X\  P6G;IP#э#X\  P6G;IP#Report and Order, 11 FCC Rcd at 12980. Granting a stay would have denied the public the benefit of   a new, innovative service. Moreover, we note that the FRS rules have been in effect for over two years and PRSG has suffered no harm. Therefore, we deny PRSG's Petition for Stay.  S -  28.` ` Motorola Request for Clarification. In its Request for Clarification, Motorola states that   >the rule requiring that FRS units have an "integral" antenna has been liberally interpreted, resulting in  S`-  =some FRS units having detachable antennas.U` |[ yO -#X\  P6G;IP#э#X\  P6G;IP#Motorola Request at 2. Motorola states that a unit with a detachable antenna can   [easily be altered by the consumer to strengthen the FRS signal, thereby causing interference with GMRS  S-  communications, and that a removable antenna is a tacit invitation for abuse of the rules.V|[ {OL-#X\  P6G;IP#э#X\  P6G;IP#Id. at 2, 4. It requests,   therefore, that we clarify that an integral antenna, for purposes of the FRS rules, means a permanently  S-attached antenna.W. |[ {O-#X\  P6G;IP#э#X\  P6G;IP#Id. at 2.  Sp-  29.` ` We agree with Motorola that as originally envisioned, FRS units would use relatively  SH-  Minefficient antennas that were integral, i.e. either permanently attached or designed into, the unit. We  S"-  \intended the term "integral" in this context to have its common meaning (i.e. essential for completion;  S-  whole; entire; intact).X |[ {O\#-#X\  P6G;IP#э#X\  P6G;IP#See The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, New College Edition, 1976. We also agree with Motorola that the plain language of Section 95.194(c) of the rules is clear and that approving units that are easily modified to allow other antennas or devices to be" R X,')')``3"  S-  jattached to the unit violates the rule and allows users of FRS units to defeat its purpose.Y|[ yOh-#X\  P6G;IP#э#X\  P6G;IP#47 C.F.R.  95.194(c) states: You may not attach any antenna, power amplifier, or other apparatus to an FRS unit that has not been FCC certified as part of that FRS unit. There are no exceptions to this rule and attaching any such apparatus to a FRS unit cancels the FCC certification and voids everyone's authority to operate the unit in the FRS.  Additionally,   FRS units that include antennas that can be detached by unscrewing or unplugging the antenna from the   unit allow the consumer to easily interconnect the FRS unit to an external antenna, power amplifier of   kother readily available apparatus. We note that consumer attached devices such as these are not type accepted with the FRS unit, and, therefore, can not be used with it.  S-w VI . ORDERING CLAUSES ĐlU  S-  30.` ` This action is taken pursuant to the authority found in Sections 4(i), 303, and 405 of the   kCommunications Act of 1934, as amended, 47 U.S.C.  154(i), 303, and 405, and Sections 1.106 and 1.429 of our rules, 47 C.F.R.  1.106 and 1.429.  S -  31.` ` ACCORDINGLY, IT IS ORDERED that the Petition for Reconsideration submitted by   the Personal Radio Steering Group, Inc. and the Petition for Partial Reconsideration submitted by Michael C. Trahos ARE HEREBY DENIED.  SX-  32.` ` IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Request for Clarification filed by Motorola IS HEREBY GRANTED to the extent indicated herein.  S-  p 33.` ` IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Petition for Stay filed by the Personal Radio Steering Group, Inc. IS HEREBY DENIED.  Sh-!34.` ` IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that this proceeding IS TERMINATED. ` `  hh,VFEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION ` `  hh,VMagalie Roman Salas ` `  hh,VSecretary