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A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a)#)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9 #)^ `> XiQ)X#   Copyright  Portola Systems, Inc. 1987, 1988`e%APage  #)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9 #)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9  I. A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a)#)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9 #)^ `> XiQ)X#   Page `We%)Copyright  Portola Systems, Inc. 1987, 1988 Style 9N `6GfInitial Codes for Intermediate:*W)8w1NNEST#)a [ PQ)P# dn  ## b, oT9 Њ [ #)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9 #)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9  I. A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a)#)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9 #)^ `> XiQ)X#`e%'Intermediate Legal WordPerfect Learning Guide   #)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9 #)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9  I. A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a)#)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9 #)^ `> XiQ)X#Intermediate Legal WordPerfect Learning Guide   #)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9 #)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9  I. A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a)#)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9 #)^ `> XiQ)X#   Copyright  Portola Systems, Inc.`e%APage  #)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9 #)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9  I. 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" ? ?  ?? ?  ?  ? ?!?!?!??!~???!?!????????????|??? ??  ???? ? ? ???????8?x?x? ? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ? ? ?  ? ? ?  ??  ?  ?? 0? ?? 8 ?? 8?? ?? ??? ???   @ ? ? ? ! ?!$$?$?$??#??#?8?##?# ??# ?# ?% %~&''?''?'?'''?'*)*?*p*|*~*?*?*?À**?----CCC C ?C ?C E E E ?E E E ?EEEE?EDEEEG?GGG G G ?8 6 6 6 ?6? ?5 5 7 7 7       ?   ?  ?  ? ?? ?  ? ?  ? ?  ?? ??  ?? ??  ?? ??  ?? ?  ??   ?   ?   ?          ǀ      ?              ?  ? ? ?  ?? ? À8 ? ?         ?  ? ?   ?       ?  ?À   À      ??    ? ?? ?   ?    ?  ?  À    ??    ?  ?   ? ?           ?      ? ?        ?     >   ??       ?  ?          ?     ?   ?   ?            ?? ? ??  ? ?   ?            ?        ??  ?  ?    &  '  '        ?       ?            ??  ??  ? ? ?   ?    ?                        ?   ??   ?   ? ?ǀ   ?ǀ  ? ?À  ? ?À   ?À   ?À   ?         ?         ?  ?  π       ?   ?            ?  À ?        ? ? ?      ?    8?       ? ? ~  ?  ? ?  ? ?  ?    ?  ? ??  ?   ?   ? ??  ?   ?  ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?  ? ?   ?   ?   ?  ?  ? ?? ? ? ??? ~?   ? ? ? ?? ? ??  ? ? ??  ?  ?  ?À? ? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ? ?? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ? ?? ??  ??  ???  ?  ?  ? ?? ??  ?  ?  >?  ?  ?? - ?: 9 4ǀ? ?4 4 4? 4 4 4 4 5? 5 4 ?4 ?4 5 5 5 ?1? ?1 ?1 ?1 ?0 1x 1 / /? ?/π / / / .? ??.? ?. <. - - - --,,?,,-?----?+?* ??* ?+,>,,,?,?,?,--.?.?.?.%?À%%%%%%?%%?%?%?%&&'''?'?'?''?'())))x)?)?)?))*+++ǀX? π? ? ??? ##?&#&#? %#0%#x?%#?x%#?|%#?%#?%#?%#?%#%#%#%# ?%# $# ?$#?$# $# ?$# $#$#$#$#$#$#$#$###??####?##?##?#$ ?#$'$?'$'*'*'+'++XC }K-#ips7Mq#  }K-PAGE ؃ЊG X-#ips7Mq##X\  P6G;P#w A#Xj\  P6G;9XP##Xn4  pG;|X#Federal Communications Commission`u(#FCC 9855  yxdddy  I. A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a) I. A. 1 a.(1)(a) i) a)  X-+ #XP\  P6Q9XP#Before the ă  syKT  #\  PG;P#Federal Communications Commission#Xj\  PG;9XP#у pWashington, D.C.  X- In the Matter of) ) Implementation of Section 255 of the) Telecommunications Act of 1996)  X% -)ppWT Docket No. 96198 Access to Telecommunications Services,) Telecommunications Equipment, and) Customer Premises Equipment) by Persons with Disabilities)  nK; #R\  PG; D {O-#X\  P6G;P#э Id. at 16.` and cites  X -language in the Statement of Managers?\  {O`-#X\  P6G;P#э The remedies available under the Communications Act, including the provisions of sections 207 and 208, are available to enforce compliance with the provisions of section 255. H.R. Conf. Rep. No. 458, 104th Cong.,  {O-2d Sess., at 135 (1996), quoted in CEMA Comments at 16 (emphasis supplied by CEMA). as suggest[ing] that only existing remedies under the  X -Communications Act are available for enforcement.{@  yOo-#X\  P6G;P#э CEMA Comments at 16 (emphasis in original).{ CEMA maintains that the Commission's enforcement authority with respect to equipment manufacturers is thus  X-governed by Section 4(i) of the Act, which, unlike Sections 207 and 208,A  yO-#X\  P6G;P#э Sections 207 and 208 provide for the recovery of damages from common carriers, through either a  {O-Commission complaint process or a civil lawsuit. See 47 U.S.C.  207, 208. contains no  X-provision for private complaints or assessing damages.dB yO -#X\  P6G;P#э CEMA Comments at 16.d CEMA concludes that Commission"tB0*,%,%\\" enforcement of Section 255 violations by equipment manufacturers should therefore be limited  X-to declaratory rulings and ceaseanddesist orders.C {Ob-#X\  P6G;P#э Id. Several equipment manufacturers similarly state that private damages claims are limited to complaints against carriers under Sections 207 and 208. Ericsson Comments at 8; Motorola Comments at 6 n.5; Nortel  {O-Comments at 11; see also Microsoft Comments at 3435. AT&T agrees that the right of action created by Section 255 supplements rights available solely against common carriers under Sections 206208, as asserted in  {O-the Notice of Inquiry, but argues that this does not mandate the adoption of a different set of procedural rules. AT&T Comments at 1213.  X-32. CEMA's analysisPRIV/ADMIN collides with both established legal terminology and the statute. The language of Section 255(f) " The Commission shall have exclusive jurisdiction with  X-respect to any complaint under this sectioniDF yO -ԍ Section 255(f) of the Communications Act, 47 U.S.C.  255(f).i " makes clear that the statute contemplates that complaints may be filed under Section 255 itself. The statement in Section 255(f) that no private rights of action are authorized does not undermine this conclusion. CEMA mistakenly equates a private right of action with an administrative complaint. The preclusion of  X1-private litigation in Section 255(f) compels complainants to seek redress exclusively from the Commission, rather than in Federal courts, but it does not prevent the filing of administrative complaints pursuant to Section 255. Both manufacturers and service providers face obligations under Section 255, and we believe that both are subject to complaints under Section 255. The fact that Sections 207 and 208 provide additional authority for the filing of complaints against common carriers does not alter our view. Had Congress intended to permit complaints under Section 255 only against common carriers, and not manufacturers, we would expect to find this clearly stated in the statute.  33.  X502  P41VB In addition, we tentatively conclude that the reference in the Statement of Managers to existing remedies refers not to the filing of complaints, such that complaints could be filed only if authorized elsewhere in the Act, but to the range of statutory redress  X-available under the Act against parties who are found to have violated Section 255.E {O-#X\  P6G;P#э For a discussion of remedies for violations of Section 255, see infra para.  P5D172 . By including Sections 207 and 208 in the list of available remedies, we believe that Congress intended to make clear that damages may be awarded, pursuant to these sections, for violations of Section 255 by common carriers. We seek comment on this analysis, and on whether there is any basis for concluding that damages, pursuant to Sections 207 and 208 or otherwise, are available with respect to entities other than common carriers. !34. NAD asserts that the preclusion of private rights of action under Section 255 does not foreclose civil actions by consumers for damages under Section 207, noting that the"gh E0*,%,%\\" Statement of Managers refers to Sections 207 and 208 as being available to enforce  X-compliance with Section 255.fF yOb-#X\  P6G;P#э NAD Comments at 3233.f We disagree. The plain language of the statute confers exclusive jurisdiction on the Commission and bars private rights of action. The exclusive jurisdiction established for Commission consideration of complaints, in combination with the preclusion of private rights of action, simply does not allow for private litigation. As noted by CTIA, initial recourse to State or Federal courts is foreclosed, so that private parties are  Xv-prohibited from seeking damages under Section 207 in Federal courts.iGXvX yO -#X\  P6G;P#э CTIA Reply at 6 nn. 910. CTIA contends that consumer advocates have favored procedures that ensure private rights of action, and asserts that Congress instead intended to limit individuals to filing complaints with the Commission for violations of Section 255. CTIA Reply at 5.i We seek comment on this conclusion.  X1-B IV. STATUTORY DEFINITIONS $=ԃ  X -` hp x (#%p` P @ 0 p`P@0  !"#$%p&`' A.Scope of Statutory Coverage  X -x 1. Telecommunications and Telecommunications Service(#  X -p` P @ 0 p`P@0  !"#$%p&`'` hp x (#% "35.  P4A1 Section 255 applies to manufacturer[s] of telecommunications equipment or customer premises equipment and provider[s] of telecommunications service, and Section 251(a)(2) applies to telecommunications carrier[s'] . . . network features, functions, or  Xb-capabilities.Hbx yO-ԍ 47 U.S.C. 255, 251(a)(2). We note that, while these statutory provisions apply only to telecommunications services, equipment, and network features, functions, or capabilities, there are other avenues of relief for persons seeking accessibility in other contexts. For example, an employee whose employer fails to provide accessible telecommunications equipment to enable the employee to perform his or her job may seek relief under the ADA. These phrases or their central terms are defined by the Act,Ib(  {O;-#C\  P6QP#э See Sections 3(14), 3(29), 3(43), 3(44), 3(45), and 3(46) of the Communications Act, 47 U.S.C.  153(14), 153(29), 153(43), 153(44), 153(45), 153(46). and apply to a range of regulatory provisions. Moreover, we find no indication in the legislative history of the 1996 Act that Congress intended these terms to have any different, specialized meaning for purposes of accessibility. #36. We tentatively conclude that to the extent these phrases are broadly grounded in the Communications Act, they require no further definition, and our sole task here is to elucidate their application in the context of Section 255. However, to the extent specific terms arise solely in connection with Section 255, we will consider whether further definition" I0*,%,%\\4" or clarification is appropriate. We note that the statute's use of the term telecommunications may have the effect of excluding from the coverage of Section 255 a number of services that might be desired by consumers. Only those services which are considered to be telecommunications services are subject to regulation under Title II of the Communications Act. Information services are excluded from regulation. We now discuss this regulatory dichotomy further.  X_-$37. Section 3 of the Act defines telecommunications as:gJ_ yO-#X\  P6G;P#э 47 U.S.C.  153(43).g Xthe transmission, between or among points specified by the user, of information of the user's choosing, without change in the form or content of the information as sent and received.   X -It defines telecommunications service as:gK X yO-#X\  P6G;P#э 47 U.S.C.  153(46).g Xthe offering of telecommunications for a fee directly to the public, or to such classes of users as to be effectively available directly to the public, regardless of the facilities used.   XK-TRANSPARENTThe Act defines an information service as:gLK yO-#]\  PCP#э 47 U.S.C.  153(20).g Xthe offering of a capability for generating, acquiring, storing, transforming, processing, retrieving, utilizing, or making available information via telecommunications, and includes electronic publishing, but does not include any use of any such capability for the management, control, or operation of a telecommunications system or the management of a telecommunications service.  %38. In 1996 the Commission found that all of the services it had previously  Xe-considered to be enhanced services`M ex yO!-ԍ Enhanced services are defined in the Commission's rules as services, offered over common carrier transmission facilities used in interstate communications, which employ computer processing applications that act on the format, content, code, protocol or similar aspects of the subscriber's transmitted information; provide the subscriber additional, different, or restructured information; or involve subscriber interaction with stored"#L0*,%,%$" information. Section 64.702(a) of the Commission's Rules, 47 C.F.R. 64.702(a).` under the regulatory structure it had established in the"eXM0*,%,%\\"  X-1980 Computer II proceedingN(X {O -ԍ Amendment of Section 64.702 of the Commission's Rules and Regulations (Computer II), Docket No.  {O-20828, Final Decision, 77 FCC 2d 384, 435 (1980), recon., 84 FCC 2d 50 (1980), further recon., 88 FCC 2d  {O-512 (1981), aff'd sub nom. Computer and Communications Industry Assn v. FCC, 693 F.2d 198 (D.C. Cir.  {Og-1982), cert. denied, 461 U.S. 938 (1983). should be considered information services.]O\H {O-ԍ See Implementation of the NonAccounting Safeguards of Sections 271 and 272 of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, CC Docket No. 96149, First Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed  {O -Rulemaking, 11 FCC Rcd 21905, 21995 (1996) (NonAccounting Safeguards Order).] Examples of services the Commission has treated as enhanced include voice mail, electronic mail, facsimile storeandforward, interactive voice response, protocol processing, gateway, and audiotext  X-information services.Pl  {O -#C\  P6QP#э See Bell Operating Companies Joint Petition for Waiver of Computer II Rules, Order, 10 FCC Rcd 13758, 1377074, App. A (Com. Car. Bur. 1995). Other enhanced services include electronic storeandforward, data  X-processing, gateways to online databases, and alarm monitoring.Q"  {O-#C\  P6QP#э See Bell Operating Companies Joint Petition for Waiver of Computer II Rules, Order, 10 FCC Rcd 1724 n.3 (Com. Car. Bur. 1995); Implementation of the Telecommunications Act of 1996: Telemessaging, Electronic Publishing, and Alarm Monitoring Services, CC Docket No. 96-152, Second Report and Order, 12 FCC Rcd 3824 (1997). Similarly, the Commission has deemed reverse directory service to be an information service and, thus, not regulated  Xx-under Title II of the Act.pRZx {O-#C\  P6QP#э See Bell Operating Companies Petitions for Forbearance from the Application of Section 272 of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, to Certain Activities, CC Docket No. 96149, Memorandum Opinion and Order, 13 FCC Rcd 2627, 2638, 265657 (paras. 17, 60) (Com. Car. Bur. 1998).p &39. On the other hand, the Commission has found that services it had previously  X3-classified as adjuncttobasic should be classified as telecommunications services.S3 {O-#]\  PCP#э See NonAccounting Safeguards Order, 11 FCC Rcd at 21958. These are services that fall within the literal definition of an enhanced service set forth in the Commission's rules, but are basic in purpose and facilitate the completion of calls through  X -utilization of basic telephone service facilities.T& d {O!-ԍ See North American Telecommunications Association Petition for Declaratory Ruling under Section 64.702 of the Commission's Rules Regarding the Integration of Centrex, Enhanced Services, and Customer Premises  {O"-Equipment, ENF No. 84-2, Memorandum Opinion and Order, 101 FCC 2d 349 (1985) (NATA Centrex Order),  {O_#-recon., 3 FCC Rcd 4385 (1988). They include, inter alia, speed dialing, call forwarding, computer-provided directory assistance, call monitoring, caller identification, call" RT0*,%,%\\! " tracing, call blocking, call return, repeat dialing, and call tracking, as well as certain Centrex  X-features.U {Ob-#]\  PCP#э NATA Centrex Order, 101 FCC 2d at 359-61. The Commission found that such adjuncttobasic services facilitated the establishment of a transmission path over which a telephone call may be completed, without  X-altering the fundamental character of the telephone service.dVZ {O-#]\  PCP#э Id. at 35861.d '40. The Commission has consistently categorized a service option or feature as adjuncttobasic, and thus subject to Title II regulation, if that option or feature is clearly basic in purpose and use, and brings maximum benefit to the public through its incorporation  XH-in the network.aWH {O -#C\  P6QP#э Id. at 359.a For example, the Commission has addressed whether access to a database through directory assistance that searches for a listing by name may be offered as an adjuncttobasic telephone service. Because a subscriber using directory assistance retrieves information stored in a telephone company's computer database, directory assistance appears to fit within the definition of an enhanced service. The Commission, however, found such access to be adjuncttobasic, rather than enhanced service, because directory assistance  X -provides only that information necessary for a subscriber to place a call.bX ~ {O-#C\  P6QP#э Id. at 360. b The Commission has also held that electronic directory assistance is an adjuncttobasic service because, as with operator-assisted directory assistance, the purpose of the service is to facilitate the placement  Xy-of telephone calls.Yy {O:-#C\  P6QP#э See Southwestern Bell Telephone Co., Petition for Waiver of Section 69.4(b) of the Commission's Rules, Transmittal No. 1741, Memorandum Opinion and Order, 5 FCC Rcd 3792, 3793 (Com. Car. Bur. 1990). In contrast, reverse directory service (where a customer knows a telephone number and seeks to learn the name of the number holder) supplies information that  XK-is not necessary to complete a call, and is therefore an enhanced service.ZZKj  {Of-ԍ See US West Communications, Inc. Petition for Computer III Waiver, CC Docket No. 90623, Memorandum Opinion and Order on Reconsideration, 11 FCC Rcd 7997, 8004, 800607 (paras. 14, 22) (Com. Car. Bur. 1996). (41. The Commission has found that Operator Services for the Deaf (OSD), which enable text telephone users to utilize operator assisted services for calls placed to another text" Z0*,%,%\\ "  X-telephone (TTY), appear to be within the definition of adjuncttobasic services.[Z yOy-#C\  P6QP#э Establishment of a Funding Mechanism for Interstate Operator Services for the Deaf, RM 8585, Memorandum Opinion and Order, 11 FCC Rcd 6808, 6817 (1996). The Commission ultimately declined to  {O -establish a funding mechanism for recovery of the costs of providing OSD. Id. at 681920. The Commission reasoned that OSD are intended to facilitate the use of traditional telephone services for TTY-toTTY calls, and do not alter the fundamental character of TTY-toTTY telephone service. The services provided by OSD, including operator assistance with collect and third-party billing, emergency interrupt, and busy-line verification, are likewise intended to facilitate the completion of TTY-toTTY calls. As discussed above, directory assistance is already classified as adjuncttobasic service. The fact that directory assistance is provided through OSD does not alter the nature of the service, or, consequently, its classification as adjuncttobasic service. The Commission therefore concluded that the services provided  X1-through OSD are subject to Title II regulation as adjuncttobasic services.b\1 {O -#C\  P6QP#э Id. at 6817.b On the other hand, the Commission has decided that the provision of access to a database for purposes other than to obtain the information necessary to place a call will generally be found to be  X -enhanced services,7] | yO-#C\  P6QP#э US West Communications, Inc. Petition for Computer III Waiver, CC Docket No. 90-623, Order, 11 FCC  {O-Rcd 1195, 1199 (US West Waiver Order) (Com. Car. Bur. 1995); NATA Centrex Order, 101 FCC 2d at 360.7 the presumption being that they are information services unless they are  X -shown to be otherwise.^  {O\-#C\  P6QP#э US West Waiver Order, 11 FCC Rcd at 1199; NATA Centrex Order, 101 FCC 2d at 360-61. )42. Many services are considered telecommunications services and, therefore, are clearly subject to the requirements of Section 255. We recognize, however, that there are some important and widely used services, such as voice mail and electronic mail, which under our interpretation fall outside the scope of Section 255 because they are considered information services. Given the broad objectives Congress sought to accomplish by its enactment of Section 255, we seek comment on whether Congress intended Section 255 to apply to a broader range of services. *43. We also note that the Commission's interpretation of the definitions of these terms continues to be examined and may be modified. Congress has required the Commission to undertake a review of the provisions of the 1996 Act relating to universal service, to be completed and submitted to Congress no later than April 10, 1998. The Commission must review, among other things, the definitions of information service and telecommunications service in the 1996 Act, and the impact of the Commission's interpretation of those definitions on the current and future provision of universal service to consumers, including"eh ^0*,%,%\\"  X-consumers in high cost and rural areas.P_Z {Oy-#C\  P6QP#э See Pub. L. 105119,  623, 111 Stat. 2440 (1997); see also Common Carrier Bureau Seeks Comment for Report to Congress on Universal Service under the Telecommunications Act of 1996, CC Docket No. 9645, Public Notice, 13 FCC Rcd 271 (1998).P We do not intend, in this proceeding, to foreclose any aspect of that ongoing reexamination. Further, in a recently released Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking examining the Commission's nonstructural safeguards regime governing the provision of enhanced and information services by the Bell Operating Companies (BOCs), the Commission sought comment on whether the Commission's definition of basic service and the definition of telecommunications service enacted in the 1996 Act cover the same set  Xv-of services.`v yO -ԍ Computer III Further Remand Proceedings: Bell Operating Company Provision of Enhanced Services, CC Docket No. 9520, Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 13 FCC Rcd 6040, 606667 (para. 41) (1998).  XH-` hp x (#%p` P @ 0 p`P@0  !"#$%p&`'x 2. Provider of Telecommunications Service p` P @ 0 p`P@0  !"#$%p&`'` hp x (#%(# ` hp x (#%` hp x (#%+44. Because t P4A2 he Act does not define provider of telecommunications service, we believe it would be helpful to propose some clarifications regarding aspects of this phrase as used in Section 255, beginning with the term provider. Although provide appears  X -frequently in the Act in various forms,a B {O-ԍ See, e.g., 47 U.S.C.  153(44) ( The term telecommunications carrier means any provider of telecommunications services . . .); 47 U.S.C.  222(e) ( a telecommunications carrier that provides telephone exchange service . . . in its capacity as a provider of such service . . .); 47 U.S.C.  225(c) ( Each common carrier providing telephone voice transmission services shall . . . provide . . . telecommunications relay services . . .). the Act does not define provide or provider, either in connection with telecommunications or otherwise. The term provide, in its ordinary sense, can mean to [e]quip or fit out with what is necessary for a certain purpose;  X-furnish or supply with something[;] . . . [s]upply or furnish for use; make available . . . .ib  {O5-ԍ New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary 2393 (4th ed. 1993).i With respect to Section 255, we believe that Congress intended to use the term provider broadly, to include entities that supply or furnish telecommunications services, as well as entities that make available such services. For example, the statute does not exclude resellers " who offer telecommunications services for a fee directly to the public " from the definition of telecommunications service provider. This interpretation is consistent with our  X-view that Congress intended the mandate of Section 255 to be broad.zcZX  {O="-ԍ Cf. Application of Ameritech Michigan Pursuant to Section 271 of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, to Provide InRegion, InterLATA Services in Michigan, CC Docket No. 97137, Memorandum Opinion and Order, 12 FCC Rcd 20543, 2060005 (1997) (holding that a BOC provides a checklist item either"#b0*,%,%#" by actually furnishing the item or, if no competitor is actually using the item, by making the checklist item available as both a legal and a practical matter, where a different interpretation would be contrary to congressional intent).z"c0*,%,%\\"Ԍ X-ԙ,45. We therefore propose that all entities offering (i.e., whether by sale or by resale) telecommunications services to the public, including aggregators, should be separately subject to Section 255, without regard to accessibility measures taken by the service provider who  X-originates the offering.d {OV-#X\  P6G;P#э At infra paras.  PGH7575 ש P94BC80  we address what accessibility obligations might attach to providers whose telecommunications services are provided by the facilities of others. We seek comment on this proposal. -46 X407  P4A2Z . MIXED-SVCA second question involves entities that offer both telecommunications and nontelecommunications services. For example, local exchange carriers may also provide cable services. We note the plain language of Section 255(c), which states that [a] provider of  XJ-telecommunications service shall ensure that the service is accessible . . . .weJB yO=-#X\  P6G;P#э 47 U.S.C.  255(c) (emphasis added).w We therefore propose to subject a provider of telecommunications service to the requirements established in  X -Sections 255(c) and 255(d) only to the extent it is providing telecommunications services.f  {O-#X\  P6G;P#э This is consistent with the Access Board's approach to manufacturers covered by Section 255. See infra  yOk-paras.  X40252 ש P66GM54 . We seek comment on whether this proposal is practical if a provider is using the same facilities to offer telecommunications services and services not meeting the statutory definition.  X -` hp x (#%p` P @ 0 p`P@0  !"#$%p&`' x3. Manufacturer of Telecommunications Equipment(#  X-xppor Customer Premises Equipment (#p p` P @ 0 p`P@0  !"#$%p&`'X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:63. P76TV  We recently explored this area from the standpoint of interconnection in some  X-detail in the Local Competition First Report and Order.4 ܯ {O~-ԍ See Implementation of the Local Competition Provisions in the Telecommunications Act of 1996, CC Docket No. 96-98, First Report and Order, 11 FCC Rcd 15499, 1614445, 16150 (paras. 132830, 1342) (1996),  {O!-aff'd in part and vacated in part sub nom. Iowa Utilities Board v. FCC, 109 F3d 418 (8th Cir. 1996), amended  {O!-on reh'g on other grounds, 120 F3d 753 (8th Cir. 1997), petition for cert.granted sub nom. AT&T Corp. v. Iowa Utilities Bd., 118 S.Ct. 879 (1998).4 We therefore tentatively conclude that the phrase network features, functions, or capabilities does not require further" 0*,%,%\\p" interpretation in this proceeding. As a general proposition, we view Section 251(a)(2) as a straightforward extension of the notion that a telecommunications transmission should be virtually transparent in terms of its interaction with customer supplied information. In the context of Section 255, that is, the telecommunications network should facilitate " not thwart  X-" the employment of accessibility features by end users.ܯ {O-ԍ PASS-THRUSee infra para.  X40374  regarding the passthrough of accessibility information by telecommunications equipment and CPE. Of course, the goal of transparency is not unqualified. For example, the bandwidth of any given service offering is limited, and accessibility enhancements that depend on information that requires more bandwidth than the selected telecommunications channel provides will likely be unreliable.  X1-?64. The Notice of Inquiry sought comment on the relationship between carriers' duty under Section 251(a)(2) and equipment manufacturers' and service providers' duty under  X -Section 255. "ܯ {O-#X\  P6G;P#э See Notice of Inquiry, 11 FCC Rcd at 19157 (para. 10). CCD urges us to emphasize the link between Section 251(a)(2) and Section  X -255 and broadly define network features, functions, and capabilities as installed services.c ܯ yOS-#X\  P6G;P#э CCD Comments at 15.c Pacific believes the extent of the Section 251(a)(2) requirements will depend on guidelines and standards established under Section 255; it notes that its proposals to require documents of conformity and customer accessibility impact reports to demonstrate compliance with  X-universal design principles would ensure that accessibility issues are considered.gDܯ yO-#X\  P6G;P#э Pacific Comments at 12.g NAD states that access to a particular telecommunications service includes not only the service, but the manner in which an internal facility or piece of equipment may affect access to the  XM-service.cMܯ yO-#X\  P6G;P#э NAD Comments at 30.c T he Access Board Order does not address this definition, which pertains to telecommunications service offerings rather than equipment. @65. On the basis of these limited comments, we tentatively conclude that Section  X-251(a)(2) governs carriers' configuration of their network capabilities. It does not make them guarantors of service providers' decisions regarding how to assemble services from network capabilities, and it does not impose requirements regarding accessibility characteristics of the  X-underlying components.qZd ܯ yO"-#X\  P6G;P#э To the extent network processes involve functional interaction with consumers, they would be subject to  {O#-either Section 255(b) (in the case of equipment) or Section 255(c) (in the case of service). See supra para. INTERACT49 and note FN108108.q"! 0*,%,%\\p"ԌA66. It may be that rules and policies for this complex area will have to be developed  X-on an ad hoc basis as we gain experience resolving actual problems that arise under Section 255. However, we invite further comment on the general views presented here, on specific situations that might bring Section 251(a)(2) into play, and on recommended approaches to address likely problems. We also seek comment regarding the relationship between the enforcement procedures established by Section 252 for interconnection agreements and the Commission's exclusive enforcement authority under Section 255. Additionally, how should responsibility for any guidelines or standards for accessibility and compatibility of equipment or services to be adopted in this proceeding be apportioned between (1) the underlying manufacturer or provider of a network element; and (2) the carrier that incorporates that element into its network to provide a feature, function, or capability?  X -X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:0*,%,%\\="  X-x 4.Solution Period; Report (# p` P @ 0 p`P@0  !"#$%p&`'X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8: ܯ yO|-ԍ 47 C.F.R.  1.41.= and our other"R>0*,%,%\\5"  X-general procedural rules.?ܯ {Oy-ԍ See, e.g., Sections 1.451.52 of the Commission's Rules, 47 C.F.R.  1.451.52. Complaints against common carriers may also be filed pursuant to  X-the common carrier complaint rules set out in Part 1, Subpart E of the Commission's Rules.@Zܯ {O-ԍ See 47 C.F.R.  1.711 (common carrier complaints generally),  1.7161.718 (informal complaints), 1.7201.736 (formal complaints).  X-176. We agree with parties who see no need to adopt interim rules,vAܯ {O -ԍ See SWBT Comments at 2; USTA Comments at 2; AT&T Reply Comments at 56.v because we have existing complaint processes in place which enable us to address complaints on a casebycase basis. While we recognize it would be preferable to provide immediate, definitive guidance on specifically what is required under Section 255, we are exploring a number of pivotal issues in this Notice which will require resolution before we can offer such guidance. As a result, we decline to establish interim rules which, ultimately, may confuse parties concerning their obligations. Furthermore, because we anticipate that we will adopt procedural rules implementing Section 255 in a timely fashion, we do not think it is necessary to establish specific interim procedures. 177. Although we recognize that the proposals set forth in this Notice have no binding effect until formally adopted, they may serve as guidance to parties concerning factors we would be likely to consider in a complaint proceeding. We urge potential complainants and respondents to take particular note of our tentative interpretations of key terminology and our emphasis on accessibility analysis throughout the design process. In addition, the Access Board guidelines and the related appendix materials may be instructive to affected entities in determining their obligations under Section 255 during this interim period.  X-OG VII. PROCEDURAL MATTERS ă  X-X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:CHܯ yO -ԍ 5 U.S.C.  603(a).>  X -X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:. Further information on the process of submitting comments electronically is available at that location and at . 186. Comments and reply comments will be available for public inspection during regular business hours in the Reference Center (Room 239) of the Federal Communications Commission, 1919 M Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20554. Copies of comments and reply comments are available through the Commission's duplicating contractor: International Transcription Service, Inc. (ITS, Inc.), 1231 20th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036, (202) 8573800, TTY (202) 2938810. 187. Alternative formats (computer diskette, large print, audio cassette and Braille) are available to persons with disabilities by contacting Martha Contee at (202) 418-0260, TTY (202) 418-2555, or at mcontee@fcc.gov, or Ruth Dancey at (202) 4180305, TTY (202) 4182970, or at rdancey@fcc.gov. The Notice can also be downloaded at http://www.fcc.gov/dtf/section255.html.  Xy-X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8: y* ܯ yOT-ԍ 5 U.S.C.  601(4).> Nationwide, as of 1992, there were approximately 275,801 small  Xb-organizations. b ܯ yO-ԍ 1992 Economic Census, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Table 6 (special tabulation of data under contract to Office of Advocacy of the U.S. Small Business Administration). Below, we further describe and estimate the number of small entity licensees and other covered entities that may be affected by the proposed rules, if adopted. X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8: COMMENTS ăW  X   }Kl-X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8: Z yO-ԍ BETRS is defined in Sections 22.757 and 22.759 of the Commission's Rules, 47 C.F.R.  22.757, 22.759. We will use the SBA's definition applicable  X -to radiotelephone companies, i.e., an entity employing no more than 1,500 persons.K?  yO8-ԍ 13 C.F.R.  121.201 (SIC 4812).K There are approximately 1,000 licensees in the Rural Radiotelephone Service, and we estimate that almost all of them qualify as small entities under the SBA's definition.  Xy-X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8: