TELECOMMUNICATIONS ACT OF 1996 SECTION 271 LONG DISTANCE APPLICATION SUMMARY OF 14 POINT COMPETITIVE CHECKLIST
In the Telecommunications Act of 1996, Congress envisioned fundamental pro-competitive changes in the telecommunications environment. Congress took the momentous step of requiring that the Bell Operating Companies (BOCs) – the traditional providers of basic local telephone service for most Americans – open the traditionally non-competitive local telephone market to competition. Once the BOCs open their local markets to competition, the 1996 Act permits them to enter the long distance service market, thereby increasing competition in the long distance market.
The embodiment of the quid pro quo established by Congress is section 271(c)(2)(B) of the 1996 Act, which describes a 14-point competitive checklist that each BOC must satisfy before it can provide long distance services. To enter the long distance market, the BOCs must demonstrate that it has fully implemented the competitive checklist. To meet the requirements of a particular checklist item, the BOC must show that it is providing non-discriminatory access to that checklist item. In particular, a BOC must demonstrate that it is currently furnishing, or is ready to furnish, the checklist item in quantities that competitors may reasonably demand and at an acceptable level of quality. The New York Commission concluded that Bell Atlantic met every checklist item.
CHECKLIST ITEM |
ITEM REQUIREMENT DESCRIPTION |
PRO-COMPETITIVE ASPECT |
BELL ATLANTIC SHOWING |
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Requires the BOC to allow requesting carriers to physically link their communications networks to its network for the mutual exchange of traffic. To do so, the BOC must permit carriers to use any available method of interconnection at any available point in the BOC’s network. Interconnection between networks must be equal in quality whether the interconnection is between the BOC and an affiliate, or the BOC and competing local carrier. |
Interconnection is necessary so customers of one company are able to call customers served by another company. Historically, the lack of interconnection has led to the monopolization of telecommunications markets. |
Bell Atlantic demonstrated that it provides to competitive carriers nondiscriminatory interconnection at any technically feasible point, interconnection trunks in a manner that is equal in quality to the trunks it provides to its retail customers, and collocation on nondiscriminatory rates, terms and conditions. |
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CHECKLIST ITEM |
ITEM REQUIREMENT DESCRIPTION |
PRO-COMPETITIVE ASPECT |
BELL ATLANTIC SHOWING |
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The telephone network is comprised of individual network elements (loops, circuit switches, interface devices, etc.). The BOC must provide a connection to network elements at any technically feasible point under rates, terms, and conditions that are just, reasonable and nondiscriminatory. The BOC uses a variety of systems, databases, and personnel (collectively referred to as OSS) to provide service to their customers at a certain level of quality, accuracy and timeliness. Non-discriminatory access to OSS is required to facilitate non-discriminatory access to network elements. |
Competitors must have access to the functions performed by the incumbent’s OSS in order to formulate and place orders for network elements or resale services, to install service to their customers, to maintain and repair network facilities, and to bill customers. |
Bell Atlantic demonstrated through extensive commercial usage and independent third-party testing that it provides competitors nondiscriminatory access to OSS functions, including pre-ordering, ordering, provisioning, maintenance and repair, and billing. It also provides technical assistance necessary for new entrants to connect with its systems, and a change management process that provides information necessary for competitors to track Bell Atlantic system changes. Bell Atlantic also demonstrated that it provides access to network elements in a manner that allows competitors to combine those elements. Finally, Bell Atlantic demonstrated that its pricing of unbundled network elements complies with the statutory requirements |
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Telephone company wires and cables must be attached to, or pass through, poles, ducts, conduits, and rights-of-way. The BOC must show that competitors can obtain access to poles, ducts, conduits, and rights-of-way within reasonable time frames and on reasonable terms and conditions, with a minimum of administrative costs, and consistent with fair and efficient practices. |
Nondiscriminatory access to poles, ducts, conduits, and rights-of-way ensures that competitors have an opportunity to deploy their own facilities to compete with the BOC. |
Bell Atlantic demonstrated that it provides nondiscriminatory access to poles, ducts, conduits and rights-of-way. |
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Local loops are the wires and transmission links that connect the telephone company end office to the customer’s home or business. BOC must demonstrate that it has a concrete and specific legal obligation to furnish loops on an unbundled basis and that it is currently doing so in the quantities that competitors reasonably demand and at an acceptable level of quality. |
Nondiscriminatory access to unbundled local loops ensures that competitors have non-discriminatory access to the customer’s home or business when they have to rely on the BOC for this essential connection. |
Bell Atlantic demonstrated that it can efficiently provide unbundled local loops to competitive carriers in a reasonable time frame, with a minimum level of service disruption, and at the same level of service quality it provides to its own customers. |
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CHECKLIST ITEM |
ITEM REQUIREMENT DESCRIPTION |
PRO-COMPETITIVE ASPECT |
BELL ATLANTIC SHOWING |
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Transport facilities are the trunks that connect different switches within the BOC’s network or those switches with long distance carriers’ facilities. This checklist item requires the BOC to provide competitors with the transmission links on an unbundled basis that are dedicated to the use of that competitor as well as links that are shared with other carriers, including the BOC. |
Nondiscriminatory access to transport ensures that the BOC will provide these high capacity facilities fairly when competitors do not self-provision. |
Bell Atlantic demonstrated that it provides both shared and dedicated transport. |
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A switch connects loops to other loops, and connects loops to trunks for transporting a call to another central office or to a long-distance carrier. Switches can also provide end users with "vertical features" such as call waiting, call forwarding, and caller ID, and can direct a call to a specific trunk, such as the competing carrier’s operator services. |
Nondiscriminatory access to unbundled local switching is necessary so that competitors can offer, and bill for, exchange access and the termination of local traffic. |
Bell Atlantic demonstrated that it provides nondiscriminatory access to unbundled switching. |
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911 and E911 services transmit calls from end users to emergency personnel. Directory assistance provides customers with telephone numbers. Operators perform various call completion services. The BOC must provide competing carriers with accurate and nondiscriminatory access to these services so that these competitors’ customers are able to reach emergency assistance, directory assistance and operator services. |
Nondiscriminatory access to 911 and E911, directory assistance, and operator services ensures that consumers have access to these services from a competing carrier. |
Bell Atlantic demonstrated that it is providing nondiscriminatory access to 911/E911, directory assistance and operator services. |
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White pages are the directory listings of telephone numbers of residences and businesses in a particular area. |
This checklist item ensures that white pages listings for customers of different carriers are comparable, in terms of accuracy and reliability, notwithstanding the identity of the customer’s telephone service provider. |
Bell Atlantic demonstrated that it is providing white pages directory listings for competitive LECs that are nondiscriminatory in appearance and integration, and have the same accuracy and reliability that Bell Atlantic provides for its own customers. |
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CHECKLIST ITEM |
ITEM REQUIREMENT DESCRIPTION |
PRO-COMPETITIVE ASPECT |
BELL ATLANTIC SHOWING |
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Telephone numbers are currently assigned to telecommunications carriers based on the first three digits of the local number known as "NXX" codes. The BOC must provide other carriers with the same access to new NXX codes within an area code that the BOC enjoys. |
This checklist item ensures that other carriers have the same access to new telephone numbers as the BOC. |
Bell Atlantic demonstrated that it complies with the Commission's number assignment rules and Industry Numbering Committee Central Office Code Guidelines, and that it accurately reports data to the Central Office Code Administrator. |
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Databases and associated signaling refer to call-related databases and signaling systems that are used for billing and collection, or the transmission, routing or other provision of a telecommunications service. The BOC must demonstrate that it provides competitors with the same access to the call-related databases and associated signaling that it provides itself. |
This checklist item ensures that other carriers have the same ability to transmit, route, complete and bill for telephone calls as the BOC. |
Bell Atlantic demonstrated that it provides nondiscriminatory access to databases and associated signaling necessary for call routing and completion. |
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Number portability enables consumers to take their phone number with them when they change local telephone companies. The BOC must demonstrate that it provides number portability to competing carriers in a reasonable time frame. |
Failure to provide timely number portability prevents a customer from receiving incoming calls after switching from the BOC to a competing carrier. |
Bell Atlantic demonstrated that it complies with the number portability regulations the Commission has adopted pursuant to section 251 of the Act. |
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Local dialing parity permits customers to make local calls in the same manner regardless of the identity of the carrier. The BOC must establish that customers of another carrier are able to dial the same number of digits to make a local telephone call. In addition, the dialing delay experienced by the customers of another carrier should not be greater than that experienced by customers of the BOC. |
This checklist item ensures that consumers are not inconvenienced in how they make calls simply because they subscribe to a carrier other than the BOC for local telephone service. |
Bell Atlantic demonstrated that it provides local dialing parity in accordance with the requirements of section 251(b)(3). |
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CHECKLIST ITEM |
ITEM REQUIREMENT DESCRIPTION |
PRO-COMPETITIVE ASPECT |
BELL ATLANTIC SHOWING |
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The BOC must compensate other local carriers for the cost of transporting and terminating a local call from the BOC. Alternatively, the BOC and competing carrier may enter into an arrangement whereby neither of the two carriers charges the other for terminating local traffic that originates on the other carrier’s network. |
This checklist item ensures that all carriers that originate calls bear the cost of terminating such calls. |
Bell Atlantic demonstrated that its access and interconnection include reciprocal compensation arrangements in accordance with the requirements of section 252(d)(2) of the Act. |
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This checklist item requires the BOC to offer other carriers all of its retail services at wholesale rates without unreasonable or discriminatory condition or limitations such that other carriers may resell those services to an end user. |
This ensures a mode of entry into the local market for carriers that have not deployed their own facilities. |
Bell Atlantic demonstrated that it offers for resale at wholesale rates and on a reasonable and nondiscriminatory basis any telecommunications service that it provides at retail to end-user customers. |