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Essentially, each county in the United  S- x>States is allocated to a market based on which homemarket stations receive a preponderance of total"* ,**88"  xviewing hours in the county. For purposes of this calculation, both overtheair and cable television  S-viewing are included.s$[ yO@- xK#C\  P6QgP#э#C\  P6QgP#Because of the topography involved, certain counties are divided into more than one sampling unit. Also, in  xcertain circumstances, a station may have its home county assigned to an ADI even though it receives less than a  {O- xpreponderance of the audience in that county. For a more complete description of how counties are allocated, see  {O-Arbitron's Description of Methodology. #K\  P@Q P#s  S- ` ~x3. ` ` Under the Act, however, the Commission is also directed to consider changes in market areas. Section 614(h)(1)(C) provides that the Commission may: xwith respect to a particular television broadcast station, include additional xcommunities within its television market or exclude communities from such  S-xstation's television market to better effectuate the purposes of this section.[ yO -#C\  P6QgP#э#C\  P6QgP#47 U.S.C. 534(h)(1)(C).#K\  P@Q P#Ѹ In considering such requests, the Act provides that: xthe Commission shall afford particular attention to the value of localism by xtaking into account such factors as x(I) whether the station, or other stations located in the same area, have xbeen historically carried on the cable system or systems within such xcommunity; x(II) whether the television station provides coverage or other local service xto such community; x(III) whether any other television station that is eligible to be carried by a cable xsystem in such community in fulfillment of the requirements of this section xprovides news coverage of issues of concern to such community or provides xcarriage or coverage of sporting and other events of interest to the community; xand x(IV) evidence of viewing patterns in cable and noncable households within the  Sx-xareas served by the cable system or systems in such community.xD[ yO\ -#C\  P6QgP#э#C\  P6QgP#Communications Act of 1934, as amended, 614(h)(1)(C)(ii), 47 U.S.C. 534(h)(1)(C)(ii).#K\  P@Q P#  S(-x4. ` ` The legislative history of this provision indicates that: xwhere the presumption in favor of ADI carriage would result in cable subscribers xlosing access to local stations because they are outside the ADI in which a local xcable system operates, the FCC may make an adjustment to include or exclude xparticular communities from a television station's market consistent with Congress' xobjective to ensure that television stations be carried in the areas in which they"8,`(`(88 "Ԍxserve and which form their economic market.  S-X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8: @ [ yO -ԍBlue Ridge Reply at 3.> With regard to the historical carriage factor, Blue Ridge asserts  S- x=that WXTV is not carried by any other cable system in Pike County or by the nearby cable system that  S- xserves the Sussex County, New Jersey communities located across the Delaware River.7! [ {O$-ԍId. at 4.7 Blue Ridge also  S- x=contends that WXTV, being on the air for over thirty years, cannot claim discrimination based on its age"!,`(`(883"  S- xas newer television stations have done in other market modification proceedings.1"[ {Oh-ԍId.1 Blue Ridge also asserts  S-that WXTV is unable to show any viewing of the station in Pike County.7#Z[ {O-ԍId. at 9.7  S- ` 3x16.` ` With regard to the local service factor, Blue Ridge asserts the station's Grade B service  xcontour fails to cover any of the cable communities at issue in this proceeding, strongly indicating that  xWXTV does not provide service to Pike County. Blue Ridge acknowledges that its Pike County systems  xcarry WABC, WNBC, WCBS, WNYW and WPIX as well as WWOR; the operator states that all of these  S- xstations transmit from the World Trade Center in New York City and these stations have been carried  S- xsince cable television service commenced in the Pike County communities.7$[ {OL -ԍId. at 6.7 Blue Ridge adds that it does  xnot carry New York City station WPXN or Spanish language New Jersey station WNJU which also have  Sp- xtransmitter sites atop of the World Trade Center nor does it carry New Jersey station WHSE, which is  SH - x/licensed to Newark, NJ, and transmits from the Empire State Building, as does WXTV.1%H ~[ {Of-ԍId.1 As for the  xcommuter report submitted by WXTV, Blue Ridge asserts that the data in the report is not only stale  x(being 6 1/2 years old) but the evidence fails to establish the existence of any specific ties between Pike  S - xzCounty and Paterson, NJ, or between WXTV and Pike County.7& [ {O-ԍId. at 8.7 Finally, Blue Ridge argues that the  S - x.station does not air programming specifically targeted to the cable communities and its Spanish language  S -programming should not be accorded credit in the analysis under the factual circumstances.7' [ {O-ԍId. at 9.7  S0- IV.x ANALYSIS AND DECISION  S- ` x17. ` ` We will grant Blue Ridge's modification request. Based on the four statutory factors and  xthe station's physical characteristics, we believe that the cable systems herein are sufficiently removed  xzfrom WXTV that the communities ought not to be deemed part of the station's market for mandatory  Sh- xcarriage purposes.D(h4 [ yO<-ԍH.R. Rep. 102628, at 9798.D As an initial matter, we note that, according to the legislative history of the 1992  xCable Act, the use of ADI market areas is intended "to ensure that television stations be carried in the  S- xareas which they service and which form their economic market."Z) [ yO|"-ԍH.R. Rep. 102628, 102d Cong., 2d Sess. 97 (1992).Z Changes may be sought and granted  S- xby the Commission "to better effectuate the purposes" of the mandatory carriage requirements.=*T [ yO$-ԍ47 U.S.C. 534(h).= The  xmarket change process incorporated into the Communications Act, however, is not intended to be a  xprocess whereby cable operators may seek relief from the mandatory signal carriage obligations apart from  x>the question of whether a change in the market area involved is warranted. When viewed against this"x*,`(`(88"  x>backdrop, and considering all of the relevant factual circumstances in the record, we believe that Blue  xRidge's deletion petition appears to be a legitimate request to redraw ADI boundaries to make them  x{congruous with market realities. Blue Ridge's actions do not reflect an intention to avoid its signal  xzcarriage responsibilities under the 1992 Cable Act and the Commission's rules, nor do they evidence a pattern of discriminatory conduct against the station.  S-x A.` ` Historic Carriage  S- ` x18. ` ` WXTV began operation in 1968. Despite being ontheair for over thirty years, it has no  xhistory of carriage on Blue Ridge's systems. Given the statutory directive, weight must be given to this  xfactor, but that must be done bearing in mind that the objective of the Section 614(h) process is to "better  xeffectuate the purposes" of the broadcast signal carriage scheme. Thus, with respect to the question of  S - x]historical carriage patterns, attention must be paid to the circumstances from which such patterns  xdeveloped. In this case, we find that WXTV's lack of historical carriage weighs in favor of excluding the  xcable communities from its market because the station has never had a cable audience even though it has  x\been broadcasting for over three decades. The absence of a cable audience on Blue Ridge's systems is  xcircumstantial evidence that the station does not have a connection to Pike County cable subscribers. That  xlother cable systems in the general vicinity of Blue Ridge' systems have not carried WXTV further demonstrates that the station lacks historical ties to the far western part of the New York market.  S-x B.` ` Grade B Coverage/Local Service  S- ` $x19. ` ` A station's local service to cable communities is one of the relevant factors to consider  x\in this particular case. Service may be measured through geographic means: by examining the distance  x\between the station and the cable communities subject to the deletion request and taking into account  xnatural phenomena such as waterways, mountains and valleys which tend to separate communities. A  x>station's broadcast of local programming, which has a distinct nexus to the cable communities, is also  xevidence of local service. Finally, a station's Grade A or Grade B contour coverage is an additional  x@indicator of local service and we will weigh the presence or absence of such technical coverage accordingly.  S(- ` Bx20.` ` In the instant case, WXTV does not satisfy any of the local coverage elements we find  ximportant in the market modification analysis. WXTV does not air programming that could be considered  x"local" to the cable communities at issue. While 3.1% of Pike County residents are of Hispanic origin,  x/this does not necessarily mean that WXTV's programming is targeted to interests that are specific to  xHispanic residents in the cable communities. It is also significant that all of the cable communities  S`- xinvolved lie outside of WXTV's predicted Grade B contour. The Commission, in its Broadcast Signal  S:- x[Carriage Issues Report and Order, stated that "to show that the station provides coverage or other local  xservice to the cable communities, parties may demonstrate that the station places at least a Grade B  S - xcoverage contour over the cable community."f+ [ yOT#-#X\  P6G;gP#э8 FCC Rcd at 29762977.f Blue Ridge has sufficiently demonstrated the absence of  xsuch coverage in this instance. We also find that Paterson, New Jersey, the city of license of WXTV, is"!X+,`(`(887#"  S- xdistant, in terms of mileage, located no less than 43 miles from the cable communities.d,[ yOh- x#X\  P6G;gP#эThe legislative history of Section 614(h) specifically notes that when making its market determinations, the  x,Commission may conclude that a community within a station's ADI may be "so far removed" from the station that  xMit cannot be deemed to be part of the station's market. H.R. Rep. No. 628, 102d Cong., 2d Sess.at 9798.  x("Subsection (h)(3)((B) establishes certain criteria which the Commission shall consider in acting on requests to  xmodify the geographic area in which stations have signal carriage rights. These factors are not intended to be  xexclusive, but may be used to demonstrate that a community is part of a particular station's market. . . .The  xYprovisions of subsection (h)(3)(B) [also] reflect a recognition that the Commission may conclude that a community  x=within a station's ADI may be so far removed from the station that it cannot be deemed part of the station's market.")d This distance,  xcoupled with the intervention of the Delaware River, attenuates any ties between the station and the cable  xcommunities. The commuter report submitted by WXTV proves no different. We agree with Blue Ridge  xthat the data in the report fails to establish the existence of any specific connection between Pike County and Paterson, NJ, or between WXTV and Pike County.  S- ` x21.` ` We recognize that Blue Ridge carries stations WABC, WNBC, WCBS, WNYW and  x=WPIX from New York as well as WWOR, which is licensed to Secaucus, New Jersey. Carriage of these  xstations by Blue Ridge, but not WXTV, is not indicative of discriminatory treatment by the cable operator.  xFirst, the five New York stations all broadcast from the World Trade Center while WXTV broadcasts from  xan entirely separate transmitter farm on the Empire State Building. Second, Blue Ridge does not carry  xNew York City station WPXN or Spanish language New Jersey station WNJU, which also have  xtransmitter sites atop of the World Trade Center. Finally, the operator does not carry New Jersey station  xWHSE, which is licensed to Newark, NJ, or noncommercial television station WNYE, the only other two  xMtelevision stations in the New York market transmitting from the Empire State Building. These facts  xdemonstrate that WXTV was not unfairly singled out for deletion by Blue Ridge from the many other television stations in the New York market.  S0-x C.` ` Carriage of Other Stations  S- ` Rx22. ` ` We also believe that Blue Ridge's carriage of other local television stations provides  xsupport for the action requested. Where a cable operator is seeking to delete a station's mandatory  xcarriage rights in certain communities, the issue of local coverage by other stations becomes a factor to  xwhich we will give greater weight than in cases where a party is seeking to add communities. In this  xlcase, we find that the five New York stations, as well as WWOR, carried by Blue Ridge have long  xprovided local broadcast service to the cable communities, while WXTV has not. These market facts,  xLcoupled with WXTV's lack of historical carriage and local service, supports Blue Ridge' arguments under the third factor.  Sx-x D.` ` Viewership  S(- ` x23. ` ` There is no indication that WXTV has an audience in the cable communities at issue. In  x/fact, WXTV is not even listed in the regional TV Guide. This failure to demonstrate viewership is of  xzevidentiary significance when tied with the lack of both historical carriage and Grade B coverage. The absence of any overtheair audience further supports the operator's market modification petition.  C&N " ,,`(`(88"Ԍ S-x E.` ` Other Factors  S- ` x24.` ` An important consideration in our determination, outside the scope of the statutory factors,  xis the fact that Pike County, and television viewers therein, have considerable ties with markets to its west,  xjin the state of Pennsylvania. In fact, Nielsen Media Research had reassigned Pike County to the Wilkes S8- xBarre/Scranton designated market area ("DMA") in its 199798 DMA Market and Demographic Rank  S- xReport. This factor is noteworthy because the Commission has decided to shift to DMAs from ADIs for  xthe next must carry/retransmission consent election cycle commencing on January 1, 2000, and will use  S- xNielsen's 199798 Rank Report to determine markets for broadcast signal carriage purposes.L-[ {O, -ԍSee 47 C.F.R. 76.55(e)(2).L As such,  xBlue Ridge will soon be under no obligation to carry WXTV because Pike County will no longer be  xincluded in the New York market for must carry purposes. In addition, we note that Blue Ridge is  SN - xvoluntarily carrying 5, out of a possible 7, WilkesBarre/Scranton ADI television stations.l.N Z[ yOH -ԍThe stations currently carried are WBRE, WNEP, WYOU, WOLF, and WVIA.l On the other  S& - xhand, Blue Ridge is carrying only 8, out of a possible 22, New York ADI television stations.n/& [ yO-ԍThese stations are WCBS, WNBC, WABC, WWOR, WPIX, WNYW, WNET, and WMBC.n This  xevidence demonstrates that Blue Ridge cable subscribers, as well as Pike County television viewers, more readily align themselves with communities in WilkesBarre/Scranton and surrounding areas.  S -  S - V.x CONCLUSION  S^-  S6- ` x25.` ` We note that the arguments raised in this proceeding are analogous to those addressed at  S- xlength in the Commission's New York ADI Appeals Memorandum Opinion and Order, ("New York ADI  S- xOrder").0z[ {O- xZԍSee 12 FCC Rcd 12262 (1997). This Order disposed of 26 separate must carry/market modification appeals involving seven New York ADI cable operators and five New York ADI television stations. In that case, the Commission generally affirmed the Cable Services Bureau's decision to retain  xcertain communities and to delete other communities in the New York ADI with regard to certain local  xbroadcast television stations, based on the four statutory factors, and other evidentiary considerations.  Sr- xLWLNY, WHAI, and WRNN, three television stations involved in the New York ADI Order, filed a court  SL- x.appeal of the Commission's ruling in late 1997.1\L[ {O- xԍ The case, WLNYTV, Inc. et. al. v. FCC and USA, was heard in the United States Court of Appeals for the  xKSecond Circuit. On December 21, 1998, the Second Circuit, in a unanimous decision, affirmed the Commission's  {OR-Order. WLNYTV, Inc. et. al. v. FCC, __ F. 3d __, 1998 WL 887054, (2d Cir. 1998). The stations argued that the Commission's decision to  xmodify their market areas, based on Grade B contour coverage, mileage, and other factors, was contrary  x@to the Act's must carry provisions and was arbitrary and capricious decisionmaking under the  x/Administrative Procedure Act. The United States Court of Appeals for Second Circuit held that the  xjCommission "properly applied the statute by considering the four factors in the statute as well as others  S- x\not enumerated in order to preserve local programming."12 [ {O%-ԍId.1 The Court rearticulated the Commission's approach stating that, in deciding market deletion cases, the Commission should: "4 2,`(`(88"Ԍ Xx "(1) observe the presumption that a broadcast station's market is the ADI in which it is  located; (2) consider the four statutory factors in an exclusion proceeding to evaluate  particularized evidence of local origination of programming; and (3) if the four factors  &alone would trigger widespread exclusion, consider Grade B contours, distance,  geographical and political boundaries, and other unenumerated factors to limit the scope  S8-of exclusion."138[ {O-ԍId.1   xThe Court's opinion fully endorsed the Commission's approach to market modifications and agreed that  xLthe Commission's careful balancing of the enumerated statutory factors, and other unenumerated factors, was entirely consistent with the language and intent of the Act.  SH - ` x26. ` ` Following Commission precedent, and cognizant of the Second Circuit's holding, we have  x]carefully considered each statutory factor, as well as other market indicators, in the context of the  x[circumstances presented here. Given the evidence as to Pike County's DMA status, the lack of Grade B  xLcoverage, the lack of viewership in the cable communities at issue, the lack of carriage of WXTV on Blue  xRidge' cable systems, and the absence of local programming, we conclude that it is logical and consistent  xzwith the objective of Section 614 of the Communications Act to delete Blue Ridge' cable communities  SX-from WXTV's market for mandatory carriage purposes.pp  S0-x  S- VI.x ORDERING CLAUSES  S-  S- ` x27.` ` Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED , pursuant to  614(h) of the Communications Act of  x1934, as amended (47 U.S.C.  534(h)) and  76.59 of the Commission's Rules, 47 C.F.R.  76.59, that  Sh- xthe captioned petition for special relief filed September 30, 1998 by Blue Ridge Cable Technologies IS  S@-GRANTED .  S-x28.` ` This action is taken pursuant to  0.321 of the Commission's Rules.=4Z[ yO-ԍ47 C.F.R.  0.321.= x` `  hh@FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION x` `  hh@William H. Johnson, Deputy Chief x` `  hh@Cable Services Bureau