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WITH EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATION ă  N-#&d2PG;&P# Prepared by the Working Group representatives from the U.S. Federal Communications Commission  N.- "0*(("  L-   #&d2PG;&P#2.XxINTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE WITH EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATION(#  L-2.1. Xx Introduction. (# The certification of telecommunications equipment, both wireline and wireless, has a strong international dimension. Industry and government are working together to seek increased coordination in the development of technical requirements for, and the testing and certification of, telecommunications products and wireless equipment, activities that collectively are known in the international community as the "conformity assessment" of telecommunications equipment. These endeavors have led to improvements in certification processes, a growing reliance on manufacturer testing and Declarations of Conformity, the development of mutual recognition arrangements on testing and certification, and efforts to harmonize technical requirements where feasible. Subpart 2.2 describes existing conformity assessment processes, including the evolution toward acceptance of manufacturer test data. Subpart 2.3 explains the new international dimension to certification of telecommunications equipment, including new procedures for manufacturer Declarations of Conformity and current international efforts to develop mutual recognition arrangements and harmonized technical requirements for telecommunications, wireless and other equipment. Subpart 2.4 highlights procedural aspects of conformity assessment. Subpart 2.5 discusses the recertification of telecommunications equipment, and compliance and sanctions programs. Finally, Subpart 2.6 provides a summary and conclusion.  L@- 2.2.XxCurrent Conformity Assessment Activities. (# The certification of telecommunications products and wireless equipment historically has been a matter of domestic interest. There are many viable approaches and no one correct approach to certification. The various approaches take into account the unique legal, technical, administrative and political conditions of each country. As a result, a variety of technical requirements, testing methods, and certification procedures have been developed and applied to the import, sale and use of telecommunications equipment. Testing and certification to meet technical requirements provide the basis for the "conformity assessment" of telecommunications equipment. Conformity assessment is the evaluation of products, processes, or services to determine the extent to which assurance may be given that they fulfill specified requirements. The Code of Good Practice for Conformity Assessment, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) as ISO/IEC Guide 60 (1994), notes the typical examples of conformity assessment activities:  Np#-x` ` sampling, testing and inspection;  N %-x` ` evaluation, verification and assurances of conformity (including supplier's Declaration of Conformity and certification); (#`  N'-x` ` registration, accreditation and approval; (#`  NX)-x` ` and combinations of all of these. (#` "X)0*0*0*+"ԌGuide 60 applies to activities that result in firstparty (supplier), secondparty (purchaser), and thirdparty (independent person or body) assurances that products, processes, or services conform to requirements set out in specifications such as international, regional, or national standards, and also to the recognition of the competence of conformity assessment bodies. Its objective is to ensure that conformity assessment activities meet the needs of the marketplace and contribute to promoting free trade in the broadest possible geographic and economic context. This Subpart 2.2 describes the basic conformity assessment approaches employed around the world, reviews the current approach of the European Union to conformity assessments between and among its member countries, and highlights one aspect of current conformity assessment approaches, manufacturer selftesting.  L - 2.2. 1.x` ` Conformity Assessment Approaches. There are a variety of conformity assessment processes for telecommunications equipment used throughout the world. Procedures differ from country to country. Often, a single country will employ multiple conformity assessment processes depending on such factors as the specific type of equipment and technical requirements. For example, in Europe information technology equipment that attaches to the public switched network is subject to separate conformity assessment processes for terminal attachment and for electromagnetic compatibility. Most conformity assessment processes follow one of a few basic approaches, which may be described generally as follows:  N-X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8: