WPCF 2BAT Z3|x )Courier New (TT)Courier New (Bold) (TT)Times New Roman (TT)HP LaserJet 4P/4MPHPLAS4P.WRS4x  @,,,8"]X@26 F n3|xt 4M 846A_1 LPT3ional)HL4MPCAD.PRSx  @\>"IX@Bibliogrphy(Rj‡Bibliography(H6O:@#HK+HF‡HO:\—+HX 2J2Tech Initn(Rj‡Initialize Technical StyleHK+HF‡HO:\—+HX 1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 Technicala1Technical+HX‡HTechnical Document Style+M8(H6O:@%HK+HF4"     a2Technical+HX‡HTechnical Document Style+M8(H6O:@%HK+HF*    a3Technical+HX‡HTechnical Document Style+M8(H6O:@%HK+HF'     2lHb a4Technical+HX‡HTechnical Document Style+M8(H6O:@%HK+HF&     a5Technical+HX‡HTechnical Document Style+M8(H6O:@%HK+HF&   . a6Technical+HX‡HTechnical Document Style+M8(H6O:@%HK+HF&  . a7Technical+HX‡HTechnical Document Style+M8(H6O:@%HK+HF &  . 2j  #   a8Technical+HX‡HTechnical Document Style+M8(H6O:@%HK+HF &  . Doc Initn(Rj‡Initialize Document Style&HK+HF‡HO:\—+HX     I. 1. A. a.(1)(a) i) a)DocumentҲa1Document+HX‡HDocument StyleZx?+M8(H6O:@+HK+HF F *  ׃  a2Document+HX‡HDocument StyleZx?+M8(H6O:@+HK+HF *    2o  q2 f f a3Document+HX‡HDocument StyleZx?+M8(H6O:@+HK+HF0     a4Document+HX‡HDocument StyleZx?+M8(H6O:@+HK+HF . a5Document+HX‡HDocument StyleZx?+M8(H6O:@+HK+HF   a6Document+HX‡HDocument StyleZx?+M8(H6O:@+HK+HF !" 2q q * ea7Document+HX‡HDocument StyleZx?+M8(H6O:@+HK+HF#$` ` ` a8Document+HX‡HDocument StyleZx?+M8(H6O:@+HK+HF%&` ` ` Pleadingn(Rj‡Header for Numbered Pleading PaperHF‡HO:\—+HX'(   ,#6X@@# X  y*dddyy*dddy HH1 HH2 HH3 HH4 HH5 HH6 HH7 HH8 HH9 H10 H11 H12 H13 H14 H15 H16 H17 H18 H19 H20 H21 H22 H23 H24 H25 H26 H27 H28   ӲHeading 2n(Rj‡Underlined Heading Flush LeftHK+HF‡HO:\—+HX)* 2VpDs'Heading 1n(Rj‡Centered Heading6O:@1HK+HF‡HO:\—+HX+,* à  Bullet List(Rj‡Indented Bullet ListO:@2HK+HF‡HO:\—+HX-.` ` ` a1Right Par+HX‡HRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersH6O:@MHK+HF8/0@   a2Right Par+HX‡HRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersH6O:@MHK+HFA12@` `  ` ` ` 2R-a3Right Par+HX‡HRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersH6O:@MHK+HFJ34` ` @  ` `  a4Right Par+HX‡HRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersH6O:@MHK+HFS56` `  @  a5Right Par+HX‡HRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersH6O:@MHK+HF\78` `  @hh# hhh a6Right Par+HX‡HRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersH6O:@MHK+HFe9:` `  hh#@( hh# 2$M |!a7Right Par+HX‡HRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersH6O:@MHK+HFn;<` `  hh#(@- ( a8Right Par+HX‡HRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersH6O:@MHK+HFw=>` `  hh#(-@pp2 -ppp a1Paragraph+HX‡H1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a)M8(H6O:@NHK+HF $?@a2Paragraph+HX‡H1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a)M8(H6O:@NHK+HF!/AB 2"V#$%3a3Paragraph+HX‡H1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a)M8(H6O:@NHK+HF":CD a4Paragraph+HX‡H1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a)M8(H6O:@NHK+HF#EEF a5Paragraph+HX‡H1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a)M8(H6O:@NHK+HF$PGH a6Paragraph+HX‡H1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a)M8(H6O:@NHK+HF%[IJ 2!&'()2sa7Paragraph+HX‡H1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a)M8(H6O:@NHK+HF&fKL a8Paragraph+HX‡H1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a)M8(H6O:@NHK+HF'qMN Default Para66gaDefault Paragraph Font(,*,3.X$E(;;#XP\  PQXP##W\  PQP#headerX66gaheader| P+=(,LX*,3.X$E)4 ! ` hp x (#2/&*2!+ $,$-%footerX66gafooter| P+=(,LX*,3.X$E*4 ! ` hp x (#page number66gapage number+=(,LX*,3.X$E+;;#XP\  PQXP##W\  PQP#, 3.X 66ga~| P+=(,LX *,3.X$E,E ; #XP\  PQXP##W\  PQP#Document 866gaDocument 8P+=(,LX *,3.X$E-  2m(.a&/&0m'1'Document 466gaDocument 4P+=(,LX *,3.X$E.   Document 666gaDocument 6P+=(,LX *,3.X$E/Document 566gaDocument 5P+=(,LX *,3.X$E0Document 266gaDocument 2P+=(,LX*,3.X$E12.2(32)42Q+5-Document 766gaDocument 7P+=(,LX*,3.X$E2Right Par 166gaRight Par 1+=(,LX*,3.X$E3X` hp x ` hp x (#Right Par 266gaRight Par 2+=(,LX*,3.X$E4X` hp x 0` hp x (#Document 366gaDocument 3P+=(,LX*,3.X$E526625.72g0822924Right Par 366gaRight Par 3+=(,LX*,3.X$E6 X` P hp x ` hp x (#Right Par 466gaRight Par 4+=(,LX*,3.X$E7!"X` hp x 0` hp x (#Right Par 566gaRight Par 5+=(,LX*,3.X$E8#$X` hp x ` hp x (#Right Par 666gaRight Par 6+=(,LX*,3.X$E9%&X` hp x 0` hp x (#2@:2/7;2a9<<;=8=Right Par 766gaRight Par 7+=(,LX*,3.X$E:'(X` hp x ` hp x (#Right Par 866gaRight Par 8+=(,LX*,3.X$E;)*X` hp x 0` hp x (#Document 166gaDocument 1P+=(,LX*,3.X$E<+,X` hp x ` hp x (#Technical 566gaTechnical 5+=(,LX*,3.X$E=/0X` hp x  ` hp x (#2E>89@?qB@BA8qCTechnical 666gaTechnical 6+=(,LX*,3.X$E>12X` hp x  ` hp x (#Technical 266gaTechnical 2+=(,LX*,3.X$E?34Technical 366gaTechnical 3+=(,LX*,3.X$E@56Technical 466gaTechnical 4+=(,LX *,3.X$EA78X` hp x  ` hp x (#2LBEC8[FD8HE2JTechnical 166gaTechnical 1+=(,LX!*,3.X$EB9:Technical 766gaTechnical 7+=(,LX"*,3.X$EC;<X` hp x  ` hp x (#Technical 866gaTechnical 8+=(,LX#*,3.X$ED=>X` hp x  ` hp x (#toc 1.X&66gatoc 1| P+=(,LX&*,3.X$EECD!@` hp x (#2UF2/MG2aOH2QI2Stoc 2.X'66gatoc 2| P+=(,LX'*,3.X$EFEF` !@` hp x (#toc 3.X(66gatoc 3| P+=(,LX(*,3.X$EGGH` !` hp x (#toc 4.X)66gatoc 4| P+=(,LX)*,3.X$EHIJ !` hp x (#toc 5.X*66gatoc 5| P+=(,LX**,3.X$EIKLh!` hp x (#2I]J2)VK[XL2XM2[toc 6.X+66gatoc 6| P+=(,LX+*,3.X$EJMN!` hp x (#toc 7.X,66gatoc 7| P+=(,LX,*,3.X$EKOPtoc 8.X-66gatoc 8| P+=(,LX-*,3.X$ELQR!` hp x (#toc 9.X.66gatoc 9| P+=(,LX.*,3.X$EMST!@` hp x (#2dN2{]O2_P2aQdindex 1X/66gaindex 1| P+=(,LX/*,3.X$ENUV` !` hp x (#index 2X066gaindex 2| P+=(,LX0*,3.X$EOWX` !@` hp x (#toa heading66gatoa heading+=(,LX1*,3.X$EPYZ!` hp x (#captionX266gacaption| P+=(,LX2*,3.X$EQ[\2lRdSMe+e}:h_Equation Ca66ga_Equation Caption,LX3*,3.X$ER]^envelope add66gaenvelope address(,LX4*,3.X$ES*_ `UKUSCourier New (TT)Courier New (Bold) (TT)>>\g0>03\\\\\\\\\\33gggQyyrg>Frgygrr>3>T\>Q\Q\Q>\\33\3\\\\>F3\\\\QX%Xc>0cT>>>0>>>>>>>>\3QQQQQwyQrQrQrQrQ>3>3>3>3\\\\\\\\\\Q\Z\\\g\QQQyQyQycyQtrQrQrQrQ\\\c\c\>3>\>>>\gcc\r3rIr>r>r3\l\\\\y>y>y>gFgFgFgcrMr3rT\\\\\\crQrQrQ\r>\gFr>\t0\\=!=WxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxNBnnBT\>Q\\\\\3;\7;\7>>QQ\??n\\pBnnBmgg>Q\7"yyyy\njc\gnn\Courier New (TT)Courier New (Bold) (TT)Times New Roman (TT)Times New Roman (Bold) (TT)Arial (TT)Arial (Bold) (TT)NQX#mdX+P\  P6QP.#mdXA_4  pQ                          p pp     ` p      x     hHWxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxNp00x000x0MMPx"00p025v^ljTqsKuCourier New (TT)Courier New (Bold) (TT)Times New Roman (TT)Times New Roman (Bold) (TT)?xxxXYXx6X@DQX@6?xxxX{Xx `NQX#mdX+P\  P6QP.#mdXA_4  pQ/aoX^2PQP>2^oXj>+2p NQ2S=FX}&S\  P@Q&P,Q=3X^&Q2PQ&P>+X=3Xj&X2p NQ&   !  ! ! ! ((0x0MMPx"00p0Courier New (TT)Courier New (Bold) (TT)Times New Roman (TT)Times New Roman (Bold) (TT)Arial (TT)gg**\*gggg?\4g\\\\?1?j?4jS???4??????g?r4zgzgzgzgzg\zgzgzgzg44444444gggggggggz\zggrgz\gygzgzgzg\\j\rzgzgzgzggggjgjg4*?r??4rQjjz\g*g6g?g>g*gngggg???z\z\z\zjrFr4rSggggggzjr\r\r\gg?gz\r?zgr3\g)%)WddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddNBnnBcg?rgggggFCg?Bg>((??g??nggpBnnBi\\(>\>"yyyy\n\c\jnn\Courier New (TT)Courier New (Bold) (TT)Times New Roman (TT)Times New Roman (Bold) (TT)Arial (TT)Arial (Bold) (TT)Roman>0_j>>>0>>>>>>\>g3\\\\\QyQyQyQyQD3D3D3D3g\\\\gggg\\g\\\\pg\\\QQ_QyQyQyQyQ\\\_\gjF3FgF>Fgg__gy3ySy>yIy3ggg\\QQQgFgFgFg_y^y>yjgggggg_yQyQyQgy>ggFy>\0\\=2=WxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxNBnnBa\>\\\\\\7>\7>\7>>\\\??n\\pBnnBsgg>\\7"yyyy\nlc\gnn\CourierCourier BoldTimes New RomanTimes New Roman BoldArialArial Bold2ZgvKz@&}@?xxxXYXx6X@DQX@6?xxxX{Xx `NQX#mdX+P\  P6QP.#mdXA_4  pQ/aoX^2PQP>2^oXj>+2p NQ2S=FX}&S\  P@Q&P      x      pYPYWddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddNPP((PXX0>>X`"00p0"i~'^5>Xgg3>>Fj3>33gggggggggg>>jjjryr3gr{yryyyr>3>jg3grgrg>rr33g3rrrrFg>rggg\F3Fj>3jj>>>3>>>>>>g>r3ggggggygygygyg33333333rrrrrrrrryggrrrygryrgggggjgygygygygrrrrrrr33>r>>3rgjjgr3rFr>rXr3rrrrrFFFygygygyjrXr>rjrrrrrryjr\r\r\rr>rygr>yg5\g),)WddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddNBnnBgg>rgggggFBg>Ig>33\\g>>nggpBnnBirr3\\>"yyyy\nnc\jnn\"5@^F,F\Wim,==Fq,q,`WWWWWWWWWW,,iqiOvW`\`\Wdi0A`Omd````WSiWiW\W===`W,W\S\S9S`00\0`W\WJJA`OiWSO=#=i,,,,`0K,W`WWWWWWWWWWW\S\S\S\S\S00000000d``W`W`W`Wi`i`i`i`,SWW`\`W`W\S`W\\WW``WW\S\S\S\S``\SdSdWddSdSi`i`0```000`A`\O0OKd`d```,,`J`KWJ,,N,,A\,OWWW\,WWWWSWWWWWW,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,WWtWqeeOWoo.0SW2ZWWyeCpS`vZefeloPpPj`e~~tro,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,F,F\Wim,==Fq,q,`WWWWWWWWWW,,iqiOvW`\`\Wdi0A`Omd````WSiWiW\W===`W,W\S\S9S`00\0`W\WJJA`OiWSO=#=i,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,SWW\0\`WWWWWWW0qWW,SA,,WWWWWWOWWWWWWW\\\\\0000`d`````W`iiii\\`WWWWWWSSSSS0000W`WWWWWOW````S\ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddNPP((Ppp0>>p`"00p0"5@^33Affz#==Gk3=33ffffffffff33kkkfzzzp3\zfzzpzzzp333Vf=ff\ff3ff))\)ffff=\3f\\\\=0=k3====IK=epzfzfzfzfzf\zfzfzfzf33333333fffffffffz\zffpfz\fzfzfzfzf\\\zfzfzfffffffIp=p==3p\z\f)fKfff=Kz\z\N@3cf=pfffffDCf=f=))==f==ff)===t=eeeekoo.Ijk2ZffyeCpj`vZefeloPpPj`e~~tro33Affz#==Gk3=33ffffffffff33kkkfzzzp3\zfzzpzzzp333Vf=ff\ff3ff))\)ffff=\3f\\\\=0=k)f=ff=z=))==@f=\=z3=ffff0f=Dfk=eIe===jc3==Cfpzzzzzzzzzz3333kzzpffffff\ffff3333fffffffepffff\f2^(\>m^q"H^^dM7Hddoooq!  !!!!d!!! !!y!!oooo7o!PdC!!!!!d  oooo!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!   !!!!!!!!o!!!d!  Ndn|,,x00,xxtdmI>I333YC!!!1!>37777777777777777777777777777777dM7Hddoooq!  !!!!d!!! !!y!!oooo7o!P777d7777!77!dP0n0xxdx|,,,!!!!!!d !!!!!!!!!!!!! oooo"H^^dModdot! !! 777 y!77! !!!! oooM!XdC!!!!!!!    oooo!7777!!!!!!!77!!!!!!!!   77777777 o !!7!!!Ndx,,x++,xxtdmI>I333YC!!!1!>37777777777777777777777777777777dModdot! !! 777 y!77! !!!! oooM!X7777777!77!dX+x+xxdx,,,!!!!!!!    !!777777!!!!!!oooo2Ҟ^xh^t"H^^ood Looooo  !! 7!o M!7 7! ! y  ooooYYYMo!hoC     d!    oooooooo!7777!!!!  !77 !    !!!   77777!!o Y!!7y!!  NoNN&&NYYYtdmI>I333YC!!!1!>3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,ood Looooo  !! 7!o M!7 7! ! y  ooooYYYMo!h,,,Y ,,,,YYy,, oh&&oNNN      !    oooo!!777777!!!!  doooo"H^^od!_ooo!!!! 7!o!M!7 7! ! y  ooood7poC!!!!!d!    oooooooo!7777!!!! !!77 ! !!!!!!   77777!!o!o!!7y!!  NoNN&&NoootdmI>I333YC!!!1!>3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,od!_ooo!!!! 7!o!M!7 7! ! y  ooood7p,,,o ,,,,ooy,, op&&oNNN!!!!!!!    oooo!!777777!!!!  doooo2@RD"5@^3=Wff+==Gk3=33ffffffffff==kkkpzp3fpzzpzzzp=3=kf=fpfpf=pp33f3ppppGf=pfff\G3Gk3====IK=epffffffzfzfzfzf33333333pppppppppzffpppzfpzpffffffzfzfzfppppppIp=p==3pffp3pKpppGKzfzfN@3ff=pfffffDCf=f=33\\f==ff3\==t=eeeekoo.Ijk2ZffyeCpj`vZefeloPpPj`e~~tro3=Wff+==Gk3=33ffffffffff==kkkpzp3fpzzpzzzp=3=kf=fpfpf=pp33f3ppppGf=pfff\G3Gk3f\ff=z=33\\@f=f=z3=ffff3f=Dfk=eIe===jf3==Cfpzzzz3333kzzpfffffffffff3333pppppppepppppfp ?<      2tTA#\  P6G;PP##2PG;P#HANDBOOK   2JtT_ON PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION  2tT@  OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS CGEQUIPMENT  /` tT  d  M$#&a\  P6G;&P##&d2PG;&P#Compiled by the Executive Committee of the Regional Commonwealth in the field of Communications and the U.S. Federal Communications Commission from the materials produced by the Communications Administrations of: the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, Georgia, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Latvian Republic, the Lithuanian Republic, the Republic of Moldova, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ukraine, and the United States of America.  L%0 FlDecember 1996 ă "&0*0*0*h("  N-2 Table of Contents  L-Table of Contents hh,Vpp  xx-23  L:-Introduction` `  hh,Vpp  xx-46  L-List of Participants hh,Vpp  xx-78  N- Part 1.` ` The systems and procedures for certification of telecommunications equipment in the Communications Administrations of: the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, Georgia, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Latvian Republic, the Lithuanian Republic, the Republic of Moldova, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ukraine, and the United States of  N -America.hh,V pp   xx- X 9 (#`  L^- 1.1XQuestions to the Communications Administrations for the preparation of the handbook on certification of telecommunications equipment(#  L-1.2XMain terms and definitions(#  L-1.3XSystem and procedures for certification of telecommunications equipment in the Republic of Armenia(#  LF-1.4X System and procedures for certification of telecommunications equipment in the Republic of Belarus(#  L-1.5XSystem and procedures for certification of telecommunications equipment in Georgia(#  L-1.6XSystem and procedures for certification of telecommunications equipment in the Republic of Kazakhstan(#  LV-1.7XSystem and procedures for certification of telecommunications equipment in the Kyrgyz Republic(#  L-1.8XSystem and procedures for certification of telecommunications equipment in the Latvian Republic(#  L-1.9XSystem and procedures for certification of telecommunications equipment in the  L-Lithuanian Republic (#  Lf- 1.10XSystem and procedures for certification of telecommunications equipment in the Republic of Moldova(#  L -1.11XSystem and procedures for certification of telecommunications equipment in the Russian Federation(#  L!-1.12XSystem and procedures for certification of telecommunications equipment in the Republic of Tajikistan(#  Lv#-1.13XSystem and procedures for certification of telecommunications equipment in Turkmenistan(#  L&%-1.14XSystem and procedures for certification of telecommunications equipment in the Republic of Uzbekistan(#  L&-1.15XSystem and procedures for certification of telecommunications equipment in Ukraine(#  L(-1.16XSystem and procedures for certification of telecommunications equipment in the"(0*0*0*0*"  L-United States of America(#  N-Annex to Part 1: Principles and Procedures for Certification of Communications Equipment(#  L:- Part 2.` ` International Experience in Certification of Telecommunications Equipment.  L- 2.1XIntroduction(#  L-2.2XCurrent Conformity Assessment Activities(#  Lr-2.2.1X Conformity Assessment Approaches(#  NJ - 2.2.1.1` ` Conformity Assessment by National Certification Authority(#`  N" -2.2.1.2` ` Conformity Assessment by Laboratory Designated by National Certification Authority(#`  N -2.2.1.3` ` Manufacturer Declaration of Conformity(#`  L - 2.2.2XThe Approach of the European Union to Conformity Assessment (#  L -2.2.3XUse of Manufacturer's Test Results(#  LZ-2.3XThe New International Dimension to Conformity Assessment Programs(#  L2-2.3.1XGovernment and Industry Cooperation(#  L -2.3.2XManufacturer Declaration of Conformity(#  N- 2.3.2.1` ` New FCC Rules on Manufacturer Declaration of Conformity(#`  N-2.3.2.2` ` The EU Connected Telecommunications Equipment Directive(#`  L- 2.3.3XMutual Recognition Arrangements(#  Nj- 2.3.3.1` ` The U.S.EU Mutual Recognition Agreement(#`  NB-2.3.3.2` ` The Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum Mutual Recognition Arrangement(#`  N-2.3.3.3` ` The Americas(#`  N-2.3.3.4` ` BelarusRussia Mutual Recognition Agreement on Testing(#`  L- 2.3.4XThe Development and Harmonization of Technical Requirements(#  Nz- 2.3.4.1` ` Developing Technical Requirements(#`  NR-2.3.4.2` ` Current Efforts at Harmonization(#`  L*- 2.4XConformity Assessment Procedures(#  L-2.4.1XThe Clarity of the Process(#  L-2.4.2XTimeliness(#  L-2.4.3XCosts(#  L-2.4.4XConsistency of the Process(#  Lb-2.5XOther Issues(#  L:-2.5.1XRecertification Requirements(#  L -2.5.2XCompliance and Sanctions(#  L -2.6XSummary and Conclusions(#  N"-Appendix I:` ` Summary of the EU Directives for Telecommunications Terminal Equipment  Nt#-and Electromagnetic Compatibility (#` "t#0*0*0*$"  L-,;#&d2PG;4&P#INTRODUCTION ă Certification of telecommunications equipment is a key step in the introduction of new  N`-telecommunications services and technologies and in the development of international trade in telecommunications equipment. Certification of telecommunications equipment is an assurance that the product meets the relevant technical and administrative requirements that are prerequisite to its sale and  N-use. Certification to meet technical requirements is an aspect of "conformity assessment," that is, the evaluation of products, processes or services to determine the extent to which as assurance may be given that they fulfill specified requirements.  N -Purpose of the Handbook. The purpose of this handbook is to promote effective and efficient practices of equipment certification that encourage development of the telecommunications sector, to identify global trends in equipment certification, and to assess possible means of future cooperation in the area of certification. There are many viable approaches to equipment certification. It is not the intent of this handbook to select or recommend any particular approach. Rather, the sharing of information on different approaches provides benefit to all of the participants and may lead to future cooperation based on a fuller understanding of the existing approaches. Moreover, it will be useful to applicants seeking concrete information on the certification of telecommunications equipment in each of the countries participating in this project.  N- History of the Handbook. In November 1994, the heads of the Communications Administrations of the countries participating in the Regional Commonwealth in the Field of Communications (RCC) met in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan at a regular session of the RCC Board of the heads of the Communications Administrations. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (U.S. FCC), at the request of the RCC and the U.S. Department of State, presented a seminar on equipment certification. At the conclusion of the seminar, the representatives of the Communications Administrations expressed the desire to develop a handbook on equipment certification. Subsequently, in 1995, the heads of Communications Administrations, during an RCC Board session, approved the "Program of RCC Activities for 19961997," which included the development of an equipment certification manual that would be used and useful to certification officials and to applicants for the successful certification of telecommunications equipment. In midFebruary 1996, the U.S. Trade and Development Agency provided project funds to the U.S. FCC to work with the Communications Administrations to develop the certification handbook, and later that month the U.S. FCC and RCC Executive Committee (RCC EC) met in Moscow to discuss the content and format of the handbook, and developed a plan of activities. In accordance with this plan, a Working Group of certification officials, with representatives from the Communications Administrations of the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Russian Federation, Ukraine, and the Republic of Uzbekistan, the U.S. FCC and the RCC EC, began the work of preparing the handbook. The Working Group met for the first time in April in St. Petersburg, Russia, along with representatives from the U.S. telecom industry and from LONIIS Testing Laboratory. In May, the Working Group representatives and contributors from the certification bodies of Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan, met at a seminar"X)0*0*0*+" meeting in Minsk, Belarus to agree on the format, content, and timing of the handbook. Subsequently, the Working Group met in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Yerevan, Armenia, and Washington, D.C., U.S.A., and with all participating contributors at a seminar meeting in Jurmala, Latvia to discuss matters related to the issuance of the handbook.  N8-Types of Equipment Covered by the Handbook. This handbook covers the certification of telecommunications terminal equipment and radio communications equipment, and also network equipment and equipment subject to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements. The handbook also considers certain safety requirements that correspond to the national standards of the parties to the project. The handbook focuses on telecommunications product approval procedures and requirements. Telecommunications terminal equipment, or TTE, is equipment that is attached to the public switched network. Traditionally this has included such devices as telephone handsets and private branch exchanges. Today, a broad array of terminal equipment is connected to telephone networks. This equipment ranges from simple telephone handsets to sophisticated equipment for access to Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) services and other digital services. Many new types of equipment have emerged and flourished in recent years, including such products as facsimile machines, computer modems, telephone answering and voicemail systems, cordless telephones, and security alarm systems. Further innovations will continue to add new types of devices in the future as networks are expected to offer video services and become fully integrated with wireless networks. Radio communications equipment is equipment transmitting radio frequency energy that may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Radio communications equipment includes higher power radio transmitters such as those used in the cellular, land mobile, aeronautical, and maritime services, AM and FM and TV broadcast transmitters, and fixed microwave transmitters. It also includes lower power transmitters such as cordless telephones, spread spectrum transmitters, monitors, radio control devices, home security alarm systems, personal computers and their peripherals, and other such devices. Today, many countries have programs in place for the approval of TTE and radio communications equipment. Radio devices that interconnect with the public switched network, such as computer modems, may be subject to both TTE and radio communications equipment approvals.  N`-Organization of the Handbook. Part 1 of this handbook provides concrete information on the certification requirements and procedures for each of the fourteen countries that participated in this project. The information covers the elements that are important to the certification process, including: legislative and normative requirements; names and contacts for certification authorities; details of the certification process; testing requirements and requirements for test centers and laboratories; and import and marketing requirements. Each country description includes a copy of the relevant application form. The reader will want to consult the country descriptions and then contact the certification authorities to obtain the documents relevant to the specific application. Part 2 of this handbook, prepared by the U.S. FCC at the request of the participants of the project, highlights the international experience in conformity assessment, including improvements in certification processes, a growing reliance on manufacturer testing and Declarations of Conformity, the development of mutual recognition arrangements on testing"X)0*0*0*+" and certification, and efforts to harmonize technical requirements where feasible. The Communications Administrations of the RCC taking part in this project do not necessarily agree with the particular approaches to certification set out in Part 2, but recognize the informational value of this material. This handbook is intended to be used by and useful for all who have interest in the certification process, including telecommunications administrations, certification authorities, manufacturers, test laboratories, exporters/importers and marketing and sales organizations. The authors and contributors suggest that the reader contact them with questions, comments or suggestions so that the information contained in this handbook will continue to promote effective and efficient certification practices. Certification processes and requirements continue to evolve. Therefore, this handbook will be updated periodically so that it continues to remain useful. Further comments or suggestions may be directed to the U.S. Federal Communications Commission or the Executive Committee of the Regional Commonwealth in the Field of Communications.  NX-Participants in the Handbook. This handbook is a cooperative project of the Communications Administrations of the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, Georgia, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Latvian Republic, the Lithuanian Republic, the Republic of Moldova, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ukraine, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission, and the Executive Committee of the Regional Commonwealth in the Field of Communications under the project grant to the U.S. Federal Communications Commission from the U. S. Trade and Development Agency. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission is the project administrator, the RCC Executive Committee is the inregion coordinator. Each of the fourteen participating Communications Administrations has prepared a contribution to Part 1 of the handbook. The participants to this handbook thank the U.S. TDA for its support. ` `  hh,Vpp  December 1996"0*0*0* "  N-! LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ă  N-Working Group Participants From the Communications Administrations of:  N-the Republic of Armeniahh,VAshot Hairapetian  N-the Republic of Belarushh,VVladimir Lebedev, Sergey Gandish(#  N-the Russian Federation hh,XVYuri Emelianov, Yuri Pankratov(#  Nr-the Republic of Uzbekistan hh,XVRikhsi I. Isaev(#  NJ -Ukraine hh,VAnatoli Shmatko  N -From the U.S. Federal Communications Commission:pp  ` ` X XXhh,XVKathleen J. Collins, Julius P. Knapp(#  NZ-From the RCC Executive Committee:VAlexander Zadov, Evgeni Mamonov(#  N-Seminar Meeting Participants From the Communications Administrations of:  NB-the Republic of Armenia hh,XVValery Seiranian(#  N-the Republic of Belarushh,VNikolai Anisimov  N-Georgia hh,VMirab Chelidze  N-the Republic of Kazakhstanhh,VIlias Utembaev, Gulnara Konuspaeva,Ludmila Maimakova(#  Nz-the Kyrgyz Republic` Xhh,XVOrozbek Kaiykov, Talaibek Eshaliev, Saperbek Balkibekov(#  N*-the Latvian Republic` Xhh,XVAdolfs Jakobsons, Edita Pildava(#  N-the Lithuanian Republic hh,XVGintautas Shimenas, Edmundas Cepe(#  N-the Republic of Moldova hh,XVIon Coshulianu, Ludmilla Eshanu(#  N-the Russian Federation hh,XVSergei Kondrashov(#  N-the Republic of Tajikistanhh,VShukufat Irkaeva, Raisa Morozova(#  Nb-Turkmenistan XXhh,XVEmberdy Mamedov, Ludmilla Khomutova(#  N:-the Estonian Republic hh,XVHeinar Tammet(#  N -From U.S. Industry:  hh,XVCharles L. Berestecky (Lucent Technologies) Boris Borisov (MotorolaMoscow)(# ` `  hh,VW. Michael Fagen (Ciena)  NJ$-From U.S. Government:hh,VRandolph Earnest (Department of State), Marian Gordon (Federal Communications Commission)(# ` `  hh,V  N&-From the RCC Executive Committee:VEvgeni Manyakin, Natalia Privalova(# "(0*0*0*0*"Ԍ N-ÙHosts for the Working Group and Seminar Meetings  N-St. Petersburg, Russia Working Group MeetinghDirector General A. Golubev (LONIIS)(#  N-Minsk, Belarus Seminar Meetinghh,VhMinister V. Goncharenko and Deputy Minister L. Pokryshko(#  N8-Tashkent, Uzbekistan Working Group MeetingMinister Abduvakhid Dzhurabaev  N-Yerevan, Armenia Working Group MeetingVXDeputy Minister Ashot Hairapetian(#  N-Jurmala, Latvia Seminar Meetinghh,VhDirector of the Communications Department of the Ministry of Communications Inara Rudaka(#  Np-U.S. Working Group Meeting hh,XVXDirector J. Joseph Grandmaison (U.S. Trade and Development Agency) and Chairman Reed E. Hundt (U.S. Federal Communications Commission)(#  N -Other Contributors from U.S Industry: ` `  hh,  N0-Inchcape` `  hh,VRoland Gubisch, Lawrence Todd  N-Lucent Technologies XXhh,XVXDon Heirman, Alexander Lukichev (LucentMoscow)(#  N-Motorola` ` X XXhh,XVXMichael Ramnath, John Freeman , Erken Ungarov (MotorolaAlmaty)(#  Nh-U.S. Telecommunication Industryhh,VKatherine von Forrell  N@-Association hh,Vh(#  N-U.S. TIA, MRA Task Forcehh,VhTheresa O'Connor, Chairperson (Motorola)(#  N-TECNISMoscow hh,VhSvetlana Piterseva(#  N-U.S. Chamber of Commerce, MoscowVXHassan Alex Tavakoli (Motorola)(#  N-U.S. Chamber of Commerce,hh,VBeverly Andrews, Chairperson (Comsat)  Nx- Telecommunications Trade Task ForceVX(#  N(-  N-Other Participants  N-Republic of Armenia  hh,XVXAikondukht Baroian, Karina Smbatuian, Robert Saakian, Arman Derdzakian(#  N`-Republic of Belarus hh,VhVladimir Voloshin(#  N8-Russian Federation hh,VhBoris Bragin, Evgeni Mishin, Valeri Soskov(#  N -Republic of Uzbekistanhh,VXSino Kutbitdinov, Hikmatullah Shamsiev, Shavkat Islamov(#  N!-U.S. Trade and Development AgencyVXDaniel D. Stein, Tanya Shamson(#  N"-U.S. Embassy Moscowhh,VhRichard Lien(#  Np#-U.S. Federal Communications CommissionhThomas Sullivan, Linda King Friedman, Shirley Wood, Sonna Stampone, Richard M. Smith, Art Wall, Charlie Cobbs, David Means,Thomas Wasilewski, Joy Medley(#  N&-Julia P. Poger Associateshh,VhJulia P. Poger  (#  N'-RCC Executive Committeehh,VXIrina Borisova, Vladimir Elsukov, Natalia Gavrishina(#