WPCe 2HBX@ Z3|P4 (TT)Times New Roman (TT)Times New Roman (Bold) (TT)Roman"5@^2CRdd$CCdq2C28dddddddddd88qqqYzoCNzoozzC8C^dCYdYdYCdd88d8ddddCN8ddddY`(`l2CC!CCPRCddYYYYYYzYzYzYzYC8C8C8C8ddddddddddYdddddoddYYYYYzYzYzYddddddPdCdCCCdNdz8zRdddCRoNoNNF2[dCYddddd7>d<d<CCYYdCCddCYCdYzzzzCCCCqodYYYYYYYYYYY8888dddddddndddddddHP LaserJet 4Si/4Si MXHPLA4SMX.WRSXP\  P6Q,, XP2# z393|j2Times New Roman (TT)Times New Roman (Bold) (TT)n ItalicCourierTimes New Roman (TT)Times New Roman (Bold) (TT)Roman.<7UC2XxXU4  pQXx=y.K8?X3qK\  P@QP5PC2X9EXP*f9 xQXXSg9xS]?g9xSi+SS88WuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddN!E?~Efootnote tex#<'p #FxX  Pg9CXP#header=Ax 4 <D  #FxX  Pg9CXP# reference>;#FxX  Pg9CXP#itemizeX1?&V 8F ` hp xr#FxX  Pg9CXP#2K@idGA^HBO+JzKheader2@I ` hp x`    #FxX  Pg9CXP# heading 3AF` hp x #FxX  Pg9CXP# footer!B!!#d\  PCP#04-23-96 01:31p  2]UK1LK|NKPKS"i~'^:DTddDDDd4D48ddddddddddDDd||||DXp||dp||ppL8LTdDddXdX8dd88X8ddddLL8dXXXLP8PlD4lTDDD4DDDDDDdDd8|d|d|d|d|dX|X|X|X|XD8D8D8D8dddddddddpX|ddddpXd|d|d|d|dXXlXx|X|X|X|XdddldldD8DdDDDddllXp8pHpDp@p8dtdddd|L|L|LdLdLdLllpHp8pTddddddplpLpLpLdpDddLpDpdx4ddC,CWddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddNHxxHhdLdddddd8@d<@d<DDppdDDxddzHxxHkddDpd<"dxtldxxd"i~'^#)0</>/>/>/x]SSSSx]x]x]x]xSxSx]SSxSxSf]xSxSxSxIxIxWxIx{nInInInISSSWS]a?/?]?9?]]WW]n/nKn9nCn/x]xx]x]SSxxIxIxI]?]?]?]WnUn9nax]x]x]x]x]x]xxWnInInIx]n9x]]?n9xSz+SS8-8WuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxNd<d<CCoodCCddCoCddzzzzzzzzzzCCCCozdddddddYYYYY8888dddddddndddddYd"5@^(1<5PC2X9_XP*f9 xQXX?W!0(X_h0\  P6QhPs4dddXXd6X@DQ@%&'()*+,-./0ĐWޛp AxVIԵF9C2e X $//R&O,Family Radio Service,WT Dck No 95102,FCC 96215//$ $95.191 (FRS Rule 1) Eligibility and respondsibility/$  X-`(#  FCC 96215 ă  X-  #Xj\  P6G;XP#7 #X\  P6G;P#Before the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION  yOl-Washington, D. C. 20554 ă  X4-#Xj\  P6G;XP#  X-In the Matter of  hh@h) WT Docket No. 95102 x` `  hh@h)  X-Amendment of Part 95 of thehh@h) RM8499  X -Commission's Rules tohh@h)  X -Establish a Very Short Distancehh@h)  X -Twoway Voice Radio Servicehh@h) #XP\  P6QXP#  XN-   REPORT AND ORDER ă  X - Adopted: May 10, 1996 Released: May 15, 1996  X- By the Commission:  X-J I. INTRODUCTION   Xh- ` o I. A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a) I. 1 1. a.(1)(a) i) a) x1.` ` On June 22, 1995, the Commission adopted a Notice of Proposed Rule Making  XS- x(Notice) proposing to establish a very short distance, unlicensed, twoway voice personal radio  X>- xservice called the Family Radio Service (FRS).> X-Ѝ #X\  P6G;P#10 FCC Rcd 8235 (1995).#Xj\  P6G;XP#љ We initiated the Notice in response to a petition  X)- xkfiled by the Radio Shack Division of Tandy Corporation (Tandy).)y XS-ԍ  #X\  P6G;P#See Public Notice, July 26, 1994, Report No. 2033.#Xj\  P6G;XP#Ѱ Comments to the Notice  x<agreed that there is a burgeoning need for the FRS, and that innovative products can be supplied  X- xat low cost., X!-ԍ #X\  P6G;P#A list of parties submitting comments and reply comments is in Appendix A.#Xj\  P6G;XP# This Report and Order establishes this new service and adopts rules substantially  X-as proposed in the Notice.  X-x` ` II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY x  X - ` x 2.` ` The Notice proposed to amend Part 95 of the rules  X(-ԍ #X\  P6G;P# 47 C.F.R. Part 95.#Xj\  P6G;XP#ъ to establish the FRS a  x=service aimed at providing an affordable and convenient means of direct, short range twoway  Xb"- xvoice communications among small groups of persons. This Report and Order adopts rules  XM#- x\establishing the FRS. The only changes from the Notice are improved transmitter technical"M#,,,""  xstandards, as recommended in the comments, to maximize spectrum sharing with the General  X- xLMobile Radio Service (GMRS).y Xb-Ѝ #X\  P6G;P#The GMRS is a land mobile radio service available to persons for twoway communications to facilitate the activities of licensees and their immediate family members. The rules for GMRS are in Part 95, Subpart A,  yO-of the Commission's Rules, 47 C.F.R. Part 95, Subpart A. #Xj\  P6G;XP#Ѥ This new service will help fill a market niche in short distance,  xpersonal communication needs. The FRS will enable families, friends and associates to  x.communicate among themselves within neighborhoods and while on group outings. The FRS  X- xwill share two small frequency bands with the GMRS.  X^ -ԍ #X\  P6G;P#The frequency bands are 462.5375462.7375 MHz and 467.5375467.7375 MHz.#Xj\  P6G;XP# Interconnection with the Public Switched  x\Network (PSN) will be prohibited. Operating authority in the FRS will be by rule rather than  xby individual licenses and administration will be primarily through transmitter technical standards.  XH-  X -III. DISCUSSION ă  X - A. Need for the FRS  X - ` Bx3.` ` Proposal. Our goal in proposing to establish the FRS was to provide families,  xfriends and associates the capability to communicate with one another over a very short range,  xtypically a few city blocks. We envisioned the FRS as facilitating activities around the home,  xthroughout the neighborhood, at group outings and at activities where group members become  x[separated, either planned or inadvertently. The FRS also would be useful to hunters, campers,  xhikers, bicyclists and other outdoor activity enthusiasts who need to communicate with other  xymembers of their party who are out of speaking range or sight but still in the same general area.  x0Further, we believed the FRS would create new jobs as well as provide more choices for consumers.  X- ` `x4.` ` Comments. The comments overwhelmingly support establishing the FRS. For  xLexample, the Consumer Electronics Group of the Electronics Industry Association (EIA) states  X- xithat there is significant demand for the FRS. X-Ѝ #X\  P6G;P#Comments of the Consumer Electronics Group of the Electronics Industry Association at 2.#Xj\  P6G;XP# Motorola, Inc. (Motorola) contends that the general  xpublic has a strong need for this type of personal communication, and the FRS would meet this  X- xZneed.k X"-ԍ #X\  P6G;P# Comments of Motorola, Inc. at 56.#Xj\  P6G;XP#њ It notes that the FRS can be used by parents for keeping track of children, and grass roots  Xi- xpublic safety organizations, such as Neighborhood Watch groups, among others. i  X6%-ԍ #X\  P6G;P#Comments of Motorola at 6.#Xj\  P6G;XP#ђ Further,  XR- xMotorola states that manufacturers can provide palmsized FRS units at low cost. R  X'-ԍ #X\  P6G;P#Comments of Motorola at 67. Motorola states that it plans to market FRS radios priced between $100  yO(-to $250. Id. at n. 15.#Xj\  P6G;XP# ALLTEL  xLMobile Communications, Inc. (ALLTEL) agrees with Motorola that the FRS would fill a narrow  x?market niche unmet by traditional private land mobile radio services or common carriage"$F ,,,"  X- xLcommunications providers. /6 Xy-ԍ #X\  P6G;P# Comments of ALLTEL Mobile Communications, Inc. at 2, Motorola at 6.#Xj\  P6G;XP#ѻ According to ALLTEL, the FRS would facilitate activities around  xthe home and local neighborhood because it would provide small groups adequate voice  X- xcommunications over a very short distance. y/6 X-ԍ #X\  P6G;P# Comments of ALLTEL Mobile Communications, Inc. at 2.#Xj\  P6G;XP#Ѭ Cobra Electronics Corp. (Cobra) also believes that  X- xthe FRS would fill a need for communications by families and sports enthusiasts. */6 X-ԍ #X\  P6G;P# Comments of Cobra Electronics Corp. at 1.#Xj\  P6G;XP#ѡ Tandy says  x.FRS will enable millions of Americans to use a high quality communication service to maintain  X- xclose contact with only a modest investment./6 X -ԍ #X\  P6G;P# Comments of Tandy at 12.#Xj\  P6G;XP#ё Tandy comments that it plans to market FRS  Xv-units in the $100$150 range.v/6 X-ԍ #X\  P6G;P# Comments of Tandy Corporation at 12.#Xj\  P6G;XP#ѝ  XH- ` 3x5.` ` Discussion. The comments affirm that there is a need for a direct, short range,  X3- xpersonal communications capability of the type envisioned in the Notice and that manufacturers  x.are prepared to offer innovative palmsize FRS units at very affordable prices. The FRS would  xenhance public and personal safety and service to individuals, including individuals with  xdisabilities and parents wanting to keep in touch with their children. Many families and other  x]small groups have need for their members to communicate with each other while visiting  xshopping malls and amusement parks, attending sporting events, camping or when taking part in  X - xrecreational and other activities. Finally, it would create new jobs as well as provide more  xchoices for American consumers to meet their communications requirements. Therefore, we are adopting rules establishing the FRS.  XO-x B. Channels   X!- ` x6.` ` Proposal. In the Notice, we proposed to authorize fourteen channels for the FRS.!= /6 X-ԍ #X\  P6G;P#Notice at para. 8.#Xj\  P6G;XP#ѐ  xThe channels are located within the two UltraHigh Frequency (UHF) bands used by the GMRS.  xSeven of the fourteen channels would be new channels positioned on frequencies between the  xkeight GMRS repeater input channels. The remaining seven channels are channels currently  X-available to GMRS licensees for communications similar to those proposed for the FRS. /6 Xf#-ԍ #X\  P6G;P# These channels are available to any GMRS system licensed to an individual and may be used for low  yOO$-power (5 watts) base or mobile simplex operation.#Xj\  P6G;XP#  X- ` Px7.` `  Comments. Commenters generally supported our proposal to use channels in the  xGMRS bands. The Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) and Tandy, for example,  Xm- x<agree that the channels we proposed for the FRS would serve the purpose intended.mg /6 X)-ԍ #X\  P6G;P# Comments of TIA at 1, Tandy Corporation at 2.#Xj\  P6G;XP#ѥ Cobra and"m,**O"  X- x0Michael T. McKenna also voice support for using these channels for the FRS./6 Xy-Ѝ #X\  P6G;P# Comments of Cobra at 1, Michael T. McKenna at 12.#Xj\  P6G;XP#Ѵ GMRS  X- xlicensees, however, oppose sharing the GMRS frequency bands with the FRS.y/6 X-Ѝ #X\  P6G;P# See, for example, comment of Alton G. Silver at 2, Susan L. Feit at 3, Personal Radio Steering Group,  yO-Inc. at 12. #Xj\  P6G;XP# They are  x[concerned that FRS units transmitting on channels shared with GMRS stations or on channels  X- x=adjacent to GMRS repeater input channels will cause interference to GMRS communications.B/6 X^ -Ѝ #X\  P6G;P#See, for example, comments of Clifford L. Flaharty at 1, Teri Forrester at 1, Stephen G. Berk at 1, Victor  yOG -L. Louie at 1, Douglas County REACT Team No. C0663. #Xj\  P6G;XP#B  X- xThey suggest FRS channels be placed in other frequency bandsk/6 X -Ѝ  #X\  P6G;P#See, for example, comment of Carolyn Kasper at 1, James P. Robeson at 1, Douglas County REACT Team  yO -No. C0663 at 1.#Xj\  P6G;XP#or be taken from channels  X- xassigned other radio services. /6 X$-ԍ #X\  P6G;P# Comments of Susan L. Feit at 2.#Xj\  P6G;XP#ї EIA requests that interference to the reception of signals  Xv- xtransmitted by television stations be minimized.v /6 X-Ѝ #X\  P6G;P#Comments of EIA at 1.#Xj\  P6G;XP#ѡ SpaceLabs Medical, Inc. (SpaceLabs) is  xyconcerned that FRS units could cause erroneous results in medical monitoring equipment used  XH-in health care facilities.HH /6 XA-Ѝ #X\  P6G;P# Comments of SpaceLabs at 26.#Xj\  P6G;XP#џ x  X - ` x8.` ` Discussion. We are adopting our proposal to authorize FRS to use fourteen  X - xchannels located within the bands now allocated to the GMRS. /6 X-ԍ #X\  P6G;P#The specific channels are listed in new Section 95.627.#Xj\  P6G;XP#ѯ In an era of unparalleled  xdemand for radio communications, it is necessary that we promote the efficient and intensive use  xof spectrum whenever possible. One way of increasing spectrum efficiency is through spectrum  xsharing. We believe the bands are ideally suited for sharing between the FRS and GMRS for  X - x.three reasons. First, the GMRS channels are not heavily used. /6 X -ԍ #X\  P6G;P# On March 14, 1996, our licensing records showed there were 13,620 GMRS systems.#Xj\  P6G;XP# Second, the two services are  xsimilar in that both are intended to operate in a shared environment and provide for the personal  xLcommunications needs of the general public. Finally, the FRS is a low power service such that  xthe range of any particular transmitter is small as compared to the more wide area nature of GMRS.  X- ` 4x9.` ` We believe that claims of potential interference to GMRS systems from the  xoperation of FRS units are overstated. The palmsized FRS units would use only a small fraction  x[of the transmitter power that GMRS stations are authorized to use. Moreover, a FRS unit must  xuse a small and relatively inefficient antenna. A GMRS station, in contrast, may use a large gain  xyantenna located on a tower or building. These differences, combined with the capture effect of"[,**"  X- xfrequency modulation emission types should preclude any disruption of GMRS communications.B/6 Xy-Ѝ #X\  P6G;P# Capture effect is the phenomenon whereby the strongest signal received on a frequency is the only  yOb-signal that is demodulated by a FM receiver tuned to that frequency.#Xj\  P6G;XP#B  X- ` x 10.` ` EIA and Space Labs also raise the issue of interference. They, however, provide  x?no specifics on interference. Rather their comments appear to be based solely upon the  xjpresumption that when new services are authorized the chance of interference to radio devices  x currently operating is increased. There is no evidence before us that the FRS would cause  xinterference to television reception or medical monitoring equipment. Further, we have taken  XH-steps to minimize the interference potential of FRS transmitters in general.HA/6 X: -ԍ #X\  P6G;P#See paragraph 13, infra.#Xj\  P6G;XP#ќ x` `  X - C. Transmitter Technical Standards  X - ` x 11.` ` Proposal. In the Notice we proposed a maximum transmitter power of 0.500 watt  xcarrier power, various emission limitations and a requirement that the antenna be an integral part  X - xLof the FRS unit  . /6 Xc-ԍ #X\  P6G;P# See proposed Sections 95.627(b) and 95.635. #Xj\  P6G;XP#Ѱ We also proposed that an FRS unit could, if desired, incorporate a selective  x-calling capability so that a user could receive only messages specifically addressed to him or her.  X- xOur  proposed transmitter technical standards were intended to limit the interference potential to  x-other services as well as make it possible for the fourteen channels to serve millions of FRS users simultaneously.  X6- ` Cx 12.` ` Comments. The comments support our efforts to use transmitter technical  x?standards to minimize interference and maximize reuse. ALLTEL, for example, states our  xproposal would provide for adequate communications over a very short distance, thereby allowing  X- x.many small groups of persons to share the same channels./6 XG-ԍ #X\  P6G;P#Comments of ALLTEL Mobile Communications, Inc. at 2.#Xj\  P6G;XP#ѭ EIA, Cobra, and Uniden America  X- xCorporation (Uniden) also support the technical standards we proposed.1 T/6 X-Ѝ #X\  P6G;P#Comments of the Consumer Electronics Group of the Electronics Industry Association at 2, Cobra  yO -Electronics Corp. at 2, and Uniden America Corporation at 4.#Xj\  P6G;XP#1 Motorola, however,  xargues that even more stringent standards would enhance spectrum sharing with the GMRS and  xare technologically practical. It suggests the allowable frequency variation can be reduced from  X- x0.0005 percent to 0.00025 percent.! /6 X%-ԍ#X\  P6G;P# Comments of Motorola at 9.#Xj\  P6G;XP#ђ Further, according to Motorola, the maximum frequency  xdeviation can be reduced from 5.0 kHz to 2.5 kHz and audio frequency response should be  Xi- x[limited to 3.125 kHz."i~ /6 X(-ԍ #X\  P6G;P#Comments of Motorola at 8.#Xj\  P6G;XP#ђ Motorola also recommends that transmitter power be measured in terms  xof effective radiated power (ERP) at the antenna rather than carrier power as further interference"R/",**0"  X- xprotection to adjacent channels.#/6 Xy-ԍ #X\  P6G;P# Comments of Motorola at 9.#Xj\  P6G;XP#ђ With regard to a selective calling$yy/6 X*-ԍ #X\  P6G;P#Selective calling is a feature that allows a user to hear only communications that are addressed to his or her station. Selective calling enables a user to receive messages without having to also monitor all other  yO-communications on the channel.#Xj\  P6G;XP#с option, EIA, Cobra, Uniden,  X- x[and Motorola support our proposal that it be optional.%/6 XT-ԍ #X\  P6G;P#Comments of EIA at 2, Cobra at 2, Uniden at 4, and Motorola at 9.#Xj\  P6G;XP#ѹ PRSG requests we prohibit FRS units  xfrom transmitting tones that could cause a GMRS repeater to transmit on the 467 MHz  X-channels.&k/6 X -ԍ#X\  P6G;P# Comments of PRSG at 9.#Xj\  P6G;XP#ю x  X- ` x 13.` ` Discussion. Our primary objectives in setting technical standards are to ensure (1)  x<that FRS units do not cause interference to other services and (2) that large numbers of users can  xshare the same channels in the same or adjoining neighborhoods or other areas. The comments  xsupport a maximum power of 0.500 watt and a requirement that the antenna be an integral part  xof the FRS unit. Therefore, we are adopting these proposals. As suggested by Motorola, we are  xadopting an allowable frequency variation of 0.00025 percent, a maximum frequency deviation  x=of 2.5 kHz and an audio frequency response of 3.125 kHz. These more stringent standards will  x.further minimize interference and increase the FRSGMRS spectrum sharing capability without  xla significant increase in costs. We will also specify transmitter power in terms of ERP as  xsuggested by Motorola. We will not require suppliers to incorporate selective calling capability  xin FRS units. We believe suppliers will incorporate features that FRS users demand as the  xmarket for this service develops. The final rules, therefore, allow a manufacturer the option to  xNprovide selective calling capability if and when it desires, and to use the technology the  Xd-manufacturer decides is most appropriate.  XM-  X6- D. Administration of the FRS  X- ` x 14.` ` Proposal. In the Notice, we proposed an administrative approach for the FRS that  X- x=would minimize regulation.'3/6 X-ԍ #X\  P6G;P#Notice at 9.#Xj\  P6G;XP#ѐ Rather than issue individual licenses, we proposed to administer  xthe FRS within the Citizens Band (CB) Radio Service where operation may be authorized by rule  X- x-under Section 307(e) of the Communications Act.(y /6 XZ"-ԍ #X\  P6G;P# Section 307(e) of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, 47 U.S.C. 307(e), provides that the term "citizens band radio service" shall have the meaning given it by the Commission by rule, and that the  yO $-Commission may by rule authorize the operation of such radio stations without an individual license.#Xj\  P6G;XP#ѽ Administration would be through transmitter  X- xKtechnical standards and governed by four simple operating rules.)% /6 X&-Ѝ #X\  P6G;P#The proposed rules cover eligibility and responsibility, authorized locations, types of communications,  yOm'-and equipment requirements.#Xj\  P6G;XP# We also proposed to prohibit interconnection with the PSN. "),**P"Ԍ X-    x15. Comments. The comments strongly agree with our approach. Motorola, for  X- xexample, states that it is imperative that operation in the FRS not require individual licenses.*/6 Xd-ԍ #X\  P6G;P# Comments of Motorola at 67.#Xj\  P6G;XP#є  xIts experience is that consumers are disinclined to participate in radio services that require  x<licenses, especially where the Commission's regulatory and/or application fees would account for  X- x<an excessive percent of what should be a relatively low cost product.#+y/6 X-ԍ#X\  P6G;P# Comments of Motorola at 67. Under our existing rules, the application fee for a new GMRS license, and  yO-renewal of the license every five years, is $60.#Xj\  P6G;XP## Motorola also states that  X- xlicenses serve no purpose given the very low power and itinerant usage of FRS stations.,/6 X2 -ԍ#X\  P6G;P# Comments of Motorola at 7.#Xj\  P6G;XP#ђ Tandy  Xx- xKagrees.-x/6 X -ԍ #X\  P6G;P#Comments of Tandy Corporation at 12. Tandy states it plans to market FRS radio in the $100$150  yO-range. #Xj\  P6G;XP# The Personal Radio Steering Group (PRSG), however, states that licenses are necessary  Xa-to prevent business and nonfamily communications from being transmitted in the FRS..a /6 X.-ԍ #X\  P6G;P# Comments of PRSG at 10.#Xj\  P6G;XP#я  X3- ` x16.` ` Tandy, the National Emergency Number Association, Cobra, Uniden, Motorola and  xPacific Bell Mobile Services agree we should prohibit interconnection of FRS stations to the  X - xPSN.V/ /6 X-ԍ #X\  P6G;P# Comments of Tandy Corporation at 4, The National Emergency Number Association at 1, Cobra  yOl-Electronics Corp. at 1, Motorola at 9, Uniden America Corporation at 4, and Pacific Bell Mobile Services at 12.#Xj\  P6G;XP#V They state that interconnection with the PSN would prevent the FRS from fulfilling its  xcontemplated role as a private personal radio service. PRSG also agrees telephone  x[interconnection should be prohibited. It states that the FM technology FRS units will use and  X - xthe small amount of spectrum allocated to GMRS and FRS could not support telephone traffic.0 F /6 X-ԍ #X\  P6G;P#Comments of PRSG at 12.#Xj\  P6G;XP#я  X -EIA contends, however, that PSN interconnection should be optional.1 /6 XQ-ԍ #X\  P6G;P# Comments of the Consumer Electronics Group of the Electronics Industry Association at 4.#Xj\  P6G;XP#  X{- ` x17.` ` Discussion. We agree with the majority of the comments that argue that we  xshould minimize regulation and that individual licensing is unnecessary. The FRS is a very low  x<power, shortrange, persontoperson radio service with users operating in a mobile environment.  xExperience has shown that the existence of a data base of licensees in such a service will not  X!- x=assist us in enforcement efforts nor is it useful for spectrum management purposes.2y!/6 Xz%-ԍ #X\  P6G;P#See Amendment of Parts 1 and 95 of the Commission's Rules to Eliminate Individual Station Licenses in  yOc&-the Radio Control (R/C) Radio Service and the Citizens Band (CB) Radio Service, PR Docket No. 82799, Report  yO+'-and Order, 48 Fed. Reg. 24884 (1983).#Xj\  P6G;XP#Ѫ Further,  xindividual licensing is costly to the public and administratively burdensome to the Commission.  x\Also, because the universe of potential users of the FRS is the American public, we believe  xadministration of the FRS should be accomplished primarily through establishing transmitter"2,**&"  xNtechnical standards rather than complex operating rules. Therefore, we are adopting the  X- xregulatory approach for the FRS that we proposed. It will be administered within the Citizens  xBand (CB) Radio Service. Operation will be authorized by rule. Administration will be by  X-transmitter technical standards and simple operating rules.  X- ` x18.` ` As with the vast majority of the commenters, we continue to believe that  xinterconnection with the PSN should be prohibited. The FRS is intended to fill a niche market  xthat provides families, friends and associates the capability to communicate with one another over  x-a very short range, typically a few city blocks. Allowing interconnection would change the basic  xnature of the service. Further, there are only fourteen channels available to the millions of  xpotential FRS users. Allowing full duplex interconnection would reduce the number of usable  xZchannels to seven and lengthen the time each channel is in use. Finally, allowing interconnection  xcould require licensing and additional regulatory burdens. Therefore we decline to allow  xinterconnection with the PSN. Consumers interested in having this capability may subscribe to the services offered by one of the many commercial radio service providers.  X -  Xy-| IV. CONCLUSION ĐTP  XK-x19.` ` We believe that establishing this service will fill a niche in the personal communications marketplace, and is an important step toward maximizing the efficient use of the wireless spectrum. These rule changes create a new personal wireless service that will utilize very low power, convenienttocarry units capable of transmitting voice communications only over a very short range. These changes will enable families, friends and associates to conduct high quality twoway wireless voice conversations among themselves, thereby promoting service to individuals, and public and personal safety. We also believe these rule changes are consistent with the intent of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 that the Commission secure higher quality service for American telecommunications consumers and encourage the rapid deployment of new telecommunications technologies. x  X7-y V. PROCEDURAL MATTERS ă  X -x20.` ` Pursuant to the Regulatory Flexibility Act (Pub. L. No. 96354, 94 Stat. 1165,  X-5 U.S.C.  603, et seq. (1981), the Commission attached an Initial Regulatory Flexibility  X-Analysis (IRFA) as Appendix A to the Notice of Proposed Rule Making in WT Docket  X -No. 95102. Written comments on the IRFA were requested. The Commission's Final Regulatory Flexibility Analysis is as follows:  X#-xA. Need and Purpose of the Action. Our objective is to establish a very short range, licensebyrule, twoway voice radio service in the UHF portion of the radio spectrum to meet the burgeoning public demand for an affordable and convenient means of direct, shortrange, twoway voice communication among small groups of persons.  X (-xB. Issues Raised in Response to the Initial Analysis. There were no comments submitted in response to the Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis. ")2,**n("Ԍ X-xC  . Significant Alternatives Considered and Rejected. All significant alternatives have  X-been addressed in this Report and Order.  X-xD. Description, Potential Impact, and Number of Small Entities Involved. These adopted rule changes will allow greater flexibility in the use of the radio spectrum, and meet the needs of the public for a short distance, twoway high quality voice radio service. Small businesses may be manufacturers or retailers of devices used in this service, or they may be users of this service in their business activities.  X - VI . ORDERING CLAUSE S ĐTP  X - x21.` ` Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED that Part 95 of the Commission's Rules and  X -Regulations IS AMENDED as set forth in Appendix B. Authority for this action is contained  X -in Sections 4(i), 303(r), and 307(e) of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, 47 U.S.C.  154(i), 303(r), and 307(e).  Xy-x22.` ` IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that these amendments are effective 30 days after publication in the Federal Register.  X4-x23.` ` IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that this proceeding IS TERMINATED.  X- x24.` ` For further information, contact William T. Cross, Wireless Telecommunications Bureau, Private Wireless Division, (202) 4180680. x` `  hh@FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION x x` `  hh@William F. Caton x` `  hh@Acting Secretary  X7- "7 2,**?"  X-)APPENDIX A ă  X-Comments xALLTEL Mobile Communications, Inc. xCobra Electronics Corporation xElectronic Industries Association, Consumer Electronics Group xSusan L. Feit xMichael T. McKenna xMotorola, Inc. xNational Emergency Number Association xPacific Bell Mobile Services xPersonal Radio Steering Group, Inc. xREACT International, Inc. xSpacelabs Medical, Inc. xTandy Corporation, Radio Shack Division xTelecommunications Industry Association, Mobile and Personal x` ` Communications Private Radio Section xUniden America Corporation xnumerous GMRS licensees  X-Reply comments xCobra Electronics Corporation xKerry Cochran xElectronic Industries Association, Consumer Electronics Group xBennett Z. Kobb xMotorola, Inc. xNational Association of Broadcasters xPersonal Radio Steering Group, Inc. xTandy Corporation, Radio Shack Division xTelecommunications Industry Association, Mobile and Personal x` ` Communications Private Radio Section xUniden America Corporation " 2,**"  X-) APPENDIX B ĐTP Part 95 of Chapter I of Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations is amended as follows: Part 95Personal Radio Services 1. The authority citation for Part 95 continues to read as follows:  XH- AUTHORITY: Secs. 4, 303, 48 Stat. 1066, 1082, as amended; 47 U.S.C.  154, 303. 2. Subpart B, Sections 95.19195.194, is added to Part 95 to read as follows:  X - Subpart B - Family Radio Service (FRS)  X -o GENERAL PROVISIONS ĐTP  X- Sec.  Xy- 95.191 (FRS Rule 1) Eligibility and responsibility.  Xb- 95.192 (FRS Rule 2) Authorized locations.  XK- 95.193 (FRS Rule 3) Types of communications.  X4-95.194 (FRS Rule 4) FRS units.  X-A  Subpart B-Family Radio Service (FRS)TP oGENERAL PROVISIONS  X-TP  X- 95.191 (FRS Rule 1) Eligibility and responsibility.  X- (a) Unless you are a representative of a foreign government, you are authorized by this rule to operate an FCC certified FRS unit in accordance with the rules in this subpart. No license will be issued. (b) You are responsible for all communications that you make with the FRS unit. You must share each channel with other users. No channel is available for the private or exclusive use of any user.  X -  95.192 (FRS Rule 2) Authorized locations.  X!- x(a) Provided that you comply with these rules, you are authorized to operate an FRS unit: x(1) Within or over any area of the world where radio services are regulated by the FCC; (this area includes the fifty United States and the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands (50 islets and cays), American Samoa (seven islands), the Commonwealth of Northern Marianna Islands, and Guam Island) or ") 2,**n("Ԍx(2) Within or over any other area of the world, except within or over the territorial limits of areas where radio services are regulated by an agency of the United States other than the FCC or any foreign government (you are subject to its rules); or x(3) Aboard any vessel or aircraft registered in the United States, with the permission of the captain, that is within or over any area of the world where radio services are regulated by the FCC or upon or over international waters; or x(4) Aboard any unregistered vessel or aircraft owned or operated by a United States citizen or company that is within or over any area of the world where radio services are regulated by the FCC or upon or over international waters. x(5) You must operate the FRS unit only according to any applicable treaty to which the United States is a party. The FCC will make public notice of any such conditions. x(b) Your use of an FRS unit must not cause harmful interference to a FCC monitoring facility. Doing so could result in imposition of restrictions upon the operation of the FRS unit within 0.8 km (0.5 mile) of the facility by its Engineer-inCharge. (Geographical coordinates of the facilities that require protection are listed in  0.121(c) of this chapter.) x(c) The FCC may impose additional restrictions on a FRS station if the station is  X-located at a point within the National Radio Quiet Zone (an area within the States of Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia). The Zone is the area bounded by:  X-x(1) 39o 15' N. on the North;  X-x(2) 78o 30' W. on the East;  Xe-x(3) 37o 30' N. on the South; and  X7-x(4) 80o 30' W. on the West.  X -  X -  95.193 (FRS Rule 3) Types of communications.  X- x(a) You may use an FRS unit to conduct twoway voice communications with another person. You may use the FRS unit to transmit oneway communications only to establish communications with another person, send an emergency message, provide traveler assistance, make a voice page, or to conduct a brief test. x(b) The FRS unit may transmit tones to make contact or to continue communications with a particular FRS unit. If the tone is audible (more than 300 Hertz), it must last no longer than 15 seconds at one time. If the tone is subaudible (300 Hertz or less), it may be transmitted continuously only while you are talking. x(c) You must not use an FRS unit in connection with any activity which is against federal, state or local law.") 2,**("Ԍx(d) You must, at all times and on all channels, give priority to emergency communication messages concerning the immediate safety of life or the immediate protection of property. x x(e) No FRS unit may be interconnected to the public switched network.  Xv-  95.194 (FRS Rule 4) FRS units.  X_- x(a) You may only use an FCC certified FRS unit. (You can identify an FCC certified FRS unit by the label placed on it by the manufacturer.) x(b) You must not make, or have made, any internal modification to an FRS unit. Any internal modification cancels the FCC certification and voids your authority to operate  X -the unit in the FRS. x(c) You may not attach any antenna, power amplifier, or other apparatus to an FRS unit that has not been FCC certified as part of that FRS unit. There are no exceptions to this rule and attaching any such apparatus to a FRS unit cancels the FCC certification and voids everyone's authority to operate the unit in the FRS. 3. Section 95.401 is revised to read as follows:  X-  95.401 (CB Rule 1) What are the Citizens Band Radio Services? The Citizens Band Radio Services are: (a) The Citizens Band (CB) Radio Servicea private, twoway, shortdistance voice communications service for personal or business activities of the general public. The CB Radio Service may also be used for voice paging. (b) The Family Radio Service (FRS)a private, twoway, very shortdistance voice communications service for facilitating family and group activities. The rules for this service are contained in Subpart B of this part. "  2,**" 4. Section 95.601 is revised to read as follows:  X-  95.601 Basis and purpose.  X- These rules provide the technical standards to which each transmitter (apparatus that converts electrical energy received from a source into RF (radio frequency) energy capable of being radiated) used or intended to be used in a station authorized in any of the Personal Radio Services must comply. They also provide requirements for obtaining type acceptance of such transmitters. The Personal Radio Services are the GMRS (General Mobile Radio Service), the Family Radio Service (FRS), the R/C (Radio Control Radio Service), and the CB (Citizens Band Radio Service). For operating rules, see Part 95, subpart AGMRS; subpart BFRS; subpart CR/C; and subpart DCB. 5. Section 95.603 is amended by revising the heading and adding paragraph (d) to read as follows:  X{-  95.603 Type acceptance or certification required. * * * * *  X- (d) Each FRS unit (a transmitter that operates or is intended to operate in the FRS) must be certified for use in the FRS in accordance with Subpart J of Part 2 of this chapter. 6. Section 95.605 is revised to read as follows:  X-  95.605 Type acceptance and certification procedures . Any entity must request type acceptance for its transmitter when the transmitter is used in the GMRS, R/C or CB Radio Service, or IVDS following the procedures in Part 2 of this chapter. Any entity must request certification for its transmitter when the transmitter is used in the FRS following the procedures in Subpart J of Part 2 of this chapter. " 2,**" 7. Sections 95.627 through 95.669 are redesignated as 95.629 through 95.671 and a new Section 95.627 is added to read as follows:  X-  95.627 FRS unit channel frequencies. (a) The FRS unit channel frequencies are:  X_-Channel No. (MHz)  1................... 462.5625 2................... 462.5875 3................... 462.6125 4................... 462.6375 5................... 462.6625 6................... 462.6875 7................... 462.7125 8................... 467.5625 9................... 467.5875 10.................. 467.6125 11.................. 467.6375 12.................. 467.6625 13.................. 467.6875 14.................. 467.7125 (b) Each FRS unit must be maintained within a frequency tolerance of 0.00025%. 8. Section 95.629 is amended by revising paragraph (b), redesignating paragraphs (d) and (e) as paragraphs (e) and (f) respectively, and adding a new paragraph (d) to read as follows:  Xe-  95.629 Emission types. ***** (b) An R/C transmitter may transmit any appropriate nonvoice emission which meets the emission limitations of  95.633. ***** (d) An FRS unit may transmit only emission type F3E. A nonvoice emission is limited to selective calling or toneoperated squelch tones to establish or continue voice communications. ***** 9. Section 95.631 is amended by adding a new paragraph (c) to read as follows:  X)-  95.631 Emission bandwidth. ")2,**n("Ԍ***** (c) The authorized bandwidth for emission type F3E transmitted by a FRS unit is 12.5 kHz. 10. Section 95.633 is amended by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:  Xv-  95.633 Unwanted radiation. ***** (b) The power of each unwanted emission shall be less than TP as specified in the  X -applicable paragraph: #d6X@`7@# ______________________________________________________________________________ Transmitter Emission type Applicable paragraphs ______________________________________________________________________________ GMRS .......A1D, A3E, F1D, G1D, F3E, G3E with filtering....... (1), (3), (7) A1D, A3E, F1D, G1D, F3E, G3E without filtering.... (5), (6), (7) H1D, J1D, R1D, H3E, J3E, R3E...................... (2), (4), (7) FRS........ F3E with filtering.................................(1), (3), (7) NOTE: Filtering refers to the requirement in  95.635(b) R/C: 27 MHz band As specified in  95.629(b)................. (1), (3), (7) 7276 MHz band As specified in  95.629(b)................. (1), (3), (7), (10), (11), (12) CB......... A1D, A3E..................................... (1), (3), (8), (9) H1D, J1D, R1D, H3E, J3E, R3E................. (2), (4), (8), (9) A1D, A3E type accepted ...................... (1), (3), (7) before September 10, 1976 H1D, J1D, R1D, H3E, J3E, R3E type ........... (2), (4), (7) accepted before September 10, 1986 *****  X;-#XP\  P6QXP# 11. Section 95.635 is amended by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:  X-  95.635 Modulation standards. (a) A GMRS transmitter that transmits emission types F1D, G1D, or G3E must not exceed a peak frequency deviation of plus or minus 5 kHz. A GMRS transmitter that transmits emission type F3E must not exceed a peak frequency deviation of plus or minus 5 kHz. A FRS unit that transmits emission type F3E must not exceed a peak frequency deviation of plus or minus 2.5 kHz, and the audio frequency response must not exceed 3.125 kHz . ***** 12. Section 95.637 is amended by adding a new paragraph (d) to read as follows:  X(-  95.637 Maximum transmitter power. ")2,**-"Ԍ***** (d) No FRS unit, under any condition of modulation, shall exceed 0.500 W effective radiated power (ERP). 13. Section 95.645 is revised to read as follows:  X_-  95.645 FRS unit and R/C transmitter antennas. The antenna of each FRS unit, and the antenna of each R/C station transmitting in the 72-76 MHz band, must be an integral part of the transmitter. The antenna must have no gain (as compared to a halfwave dipole) and must be vertically polarized. 14. Section 95.647 is revised to read as follows:  X -  95.647 Power capability. No CB or R/C station transmitter or FRS unit shall incorporate provisions for increasing its transmitter power to any level in excess of the limit specified in  95.637. 15. Section 95.649 is revised to read as follows:  X-  95.649 Crystal control required. All transmitters used in the Personal Radio Services must be crystal controlled, except an R/C station that transmits in the 26-27 MHz frequency band, and a FRS unit. 16. Appendix 1 to Subpart E is revised by adding the definition for "FRS", in alphabetical order, to read as follows: APPENDIX 1 TO SUBPART EGLOSSARY OF TERMS *****  X- FRS. Family Radio Service. *****