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A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a)#)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9 #)^ `> XiQ)X#   Page `e%*Copyright  Portola Systems, Inc. 1987, 1988 Style 9'G @6FInitial Codes for Intermediate*%- 'G.EKL#)a [ PQ)P# dn  ## b, oT9 Њ [ #)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9  I. A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a)#)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9 #)^ `> XiQ)X#`=e%)Intermediate Legal WordPerfect Learning Guide   #)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9  I. A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a)#)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9 #)^ `> XiQ)X#Intermediate Legal WordPerfect Learning Guide   #)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9  I. A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a)#)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9 #)^ `> XiQ)X#   Copyright  Portola Systems, Inc.`e%APage  #)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9  I. A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a)#)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9 #)^ `> XiQ)X#   Page `e%*Copyright  Portola Systems, Inc. 1987, 1988 Update 'G@6FInitial Codes for Update Module*%- 'G.EMN#)a [ PQ)P# dn  ##  [ b, oT9 !#)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9 ! I. A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a)#)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9 !#)^ `> XiQ)X#`e%&Legal WordPerfect 5.0 Update Class Learning Guide   #)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9 ! I. A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a)#)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9 !#)^ `> XiQ)X#Legal WordPerfect 5.0 Update Class Learning Guide   #)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9 ! I. A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a)#)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9 !#)^ `> XiQ)X#   Copyright  Portola Systems, Inc. 1987, 1988`e%APage  #)a [ PQ)P# ## b, oT9 ! I. 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X ' D.  Earth Station Licensing  X 4150.` ` We anticipate making changes to our existing Part 25 requirements for earth stations in the C and Kubands to take into account operations at Kaband. In fact, four  X4GSO satellite applicants have submitted a petition for rulemaking to the Commission.=?\ 2 {OM' x ԍXSee Routine Licensing of Large Numbers of Small Antenna Earth Stations Operating in the KaBand,  {O' x_ Petition for Rulemaking, RM9005, submitted December 20, 1996, by: GE, Loral, Lockheed Martin and Hughes. (#= The Petitioners request that the Commission institute a rulemaking proceeding to revise Part 25 of the Commission's Rules, 47 C.F.R. 25.101, in order to provide for the routine licensing of large numbers of small antenna earth stations operating in the 19.720.2/29.530.0 GHz bands for GSO FSS. Teledesic supports the Petition and further suggests the scope of the  X4rulemaking be expanded to include the entire available Kaband frequencies.^@0 2 {O'ԍXSee Comments of Teledesic at 3.(#^  X' E.InterSatellite Service  X4251.` ` Many system proponents in the Kaband propose to use intersatellite service  X4(ISS) frequencies to interconnect satellites within their respective networks.A 2 {O%'ԍXSee Applications of EchoStar, KaStar, Lockheed Martin, Hughes, Loral, Comm. Inc., and Teledesic.(#Ơ These proposed"T A0*&&qq" bands include the 22.5523.55 GHz / 32.033.0 GHz / 54.2558.2 GHz and 5964 GHz bands.  X4352.` ` One licensee, Hughes, proposes to use the 22.5523.55 GHz and 32.033.0 GHz bands for some of its intersatellite links. These bands are shared on a coequal basis with U.S. Government operations. In addition, one of the "Big LEO" systems is licensed to operate intersatellite links in the 22.5523.55 GHz band. Any 28 GHz systems licensed to operate intersatellite links in these bands would be required to coordinate with U.S. Government systems through the Frequency Assignment Subcommittee (FAS) of the InterGovernmental Radio Advisory Committee (IRAC) and with other nonGovernment licensees in the band. At this time, we defer action on any authorizations in the 22.5523.55 and 32.033.0 GHz bands until we receive more information on the specific frequencies Hughes needs  X 4for its system and we have coordinated with the Government.  X 4453.` ` Two other licensees propose to use the 54.2558.2 GHz bands for intersatellite links. The 54.2558.2 GHz band is allocated domestically and internationally on a coprimary basis to the earth explorationsatellite service (EESS) (passive), fixed, mobile, space research (passive) and intersatellite services. Use of these bands is shared on a coequal basis between U.S. Government and nonGovernment operations. Studies carried out in the ITURadiocommunication Sector have determined that NGSO ISS operations in this band would cause unacceptable interference into the EESS. Thus, nonGovernment NGSO ISS operations will not be permitted in this band. Studies have also shown that GSO ISS operations are feasible in this band provided that a power flux density limit is met at all altitudes from 0 to  X41000 km to protect passive NGSO satellite system operations.AB2 {O' x ԍXSee ITU Study Group 4 Document 4/57, 22 January 1997 on the "Feasibility of Sharing Between  x Spaceborne Passive Sensors of the Earth ExplorationSatellite Service and InterSatellite Links of the  {O' x GeostationarySatellite Networks in the Range 50 to 65 GHz"; see also ITUR Recommendation S.1327,  x "Requirements and Suitable Bands for Operation of the InterSatellite Service within the Range 50.271 GHz," (18 September 1997).(#A The appropriate power fluxdensity (pfd) limit has been the subject of study within the ITU Radiocommunication Sector and will be finalized at WRC97. Further, the U.S. Government has existing and planned ISS systems in the 56.957 GHz band segment. All GSO FSS intersatellite link operations in the 54.2558.2 GHz band would be required to coordinate with U.S. Government systems through the FAS. At this time, however, we do not know the number of commercial GSO ISS systems that can simultaneously operate in this band, nor do we know whether all of the GSO FSS licensees requesting spectrum for ISS operations can be accommodated in 54.2558.2 GHz. Any GSO intersatellite link operation in the bands would be subject to coordination with U.S. Government operations in the band and subject to the pfd limit that is to be determined at WRC97.  X4554.` ` Finally, other licensees propose to use the 5964 GHz band for intersatellite links. This band is allocated domestically and internationally on a coprimary basis to the"|B0*&&qqQ" intersatellite service, the fixed service, the mobile service, and the radiolocation service. Use of these bands is also shared on a coequal basis between Government and nonGovernment operations. There appear to be significant interference problems associated with potential  X4nonGovernment GSO and NGSO operations and Government operations at 5964 GHz.C2 {O4' x ԍXSee Letter from Richard Parlow, Associate Administrator, National Telecommunications and Information Administration to Richard Smith, Chief, Office of Engineering and Technology, FCC dated May 4, 1995.(#  X4655.` ` The Commission and the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), which has primary jurisdiction over Government use of spectrum, have had discussions regarding the potential for interference that would be associated with nonGovernment GSO or NGSO FSS operations in the 54.2558.2 GHz and 5964 GHz bands. The 54.2558.25 GHz band appears more promising for the intersatellite service to support nonGovernment GSO FSS operations. We are also working with NTIA to develop a U.S. proposal to WRC97 for an allocation in the 6571 GHz band for intersatellite service  X 4links for both GSO and NGSO FSS systems.D "2 {O'ԍXSee "United States Proposals No. 209 and No. 210 for the Work of the Conference" (August 1997).(#ƞ We are optimistic that we will obtain sufficient spectrum internationally to support Kaband system intersatellite link operations. Nevertheless, we did not delay issuing licenses pending the allocation of suitable spectrum for intersatellite links. Once suitable spectrum is available, we will require licensees to apply for operating authority on specific operating frequencies. Further, because licensees will not be able to proceed beyond the initial phases of construction until the intersatellite link issues are resolved, we did not impose any system implementation milestones until we grant authority to launch and operate individual systems using specific intersatellite link spectrum. We will hold all licensees to the strict milestone schedule discussed above, once the respective intersatellite frequencies are authorized. In the interim, all licensees are free to begin construction at their own risk. We recently waived the construction permit requirement for space stations. This decision, effective April 21, 1997, means that applicants no longer need Commission authorization in order to build their proposed satellites. Any construction prior to obtaining an operating license is, however, solely at the applicant's own risk and will not predispose the  X4Commission to grant it launch and operating authority.E2 {O' x ԍXSee Streamlining the Commission's Rules and Regulations for Satellite Application and Licensing  {O'Procedures, Report and Order, 11 FCC Rcd 21581 (1996).(#   X4   X|4756.` ` There will also be the need for coordination among intersatellite service  Xe4systems. As in the Big LEO context, applicants for authority to establish intersatellite service links must coordinate their proposed frequency usage with existing permittees and licensees in the intersatellite service whose facilities could be affected by the new proposal in terms of  X 4frequency interference or restricted system capacity.OF 2 yO%'ԍX47 CFR 25.279(b).(#O All affected applicants, permittees, and" F0*&&qq" licensees, shall at the direction of the Commission, cooperate fully and make every reasonable effort to resolve technical problems and conflicts that may inhibit effective and efficient use of the radio spectrum; however, the permittee or licensee being coordinated with is not obligated to suggest changes or reengineer an applicant's proposal in cases involving  X4conflicts.   Xv' F.XCompetitive Bidding Proposal (#  XH4857.` ` In the Third NPRM, we proposed to use competitive bidding as the mechanism to choose among mutually exclusive applications proposing to provide domestic service within  X 4the United States.lG 2 {O 'ԍSee Third NPRM at  128;   143145.l We received comments that were, overall, unfavorable to any form of  X 4competitive bidding procedures for satellite systems in the Kaband.BHZ Z2 {O' x ԍXSee, e.g., Comments of GE at 2225; Hughes at 3144; Lockheed Martin at 49; Loral at 8; Motorola at 19 x 22; NASA at 23; Orion Network Systems at 35; PanAmSat at 310; Satellite Industry Association at 218 and Teledesic at 22.(#B Given the GSO FSS orbital assignment agreement among the applicants, and the fact we could accommodate the NGSO FSS system, the firstround of Kaband applications were not mutually exclusive. Therefore, this issue has become moot. If, however, we are unable to accommodate all qualified applicants in a future processing round, we may revisit the notion of employing a competitive bidding approach to resolve mutual exclusivity among proposed satellite systems for both GSO and NGSO FSS systems.  Xd4  XM' G.XService Rules (#  V41.` ` Regulatory Treatment(#`   X4  X4958.` ` In our DISCO I Order, we determined that all fixedsatellite operators in the C X4band and Kuband could elect to operate on a common carrier or noncommon carrier basis.I$|2 {O ' x ԍXSee In the Matter of Amendment to the Commission's Regulatory Policies Governing Domestic Fixed  x Satellites and Separate International Satellite Systems and DBSC Petition for Declaratory Rulemaking  x Regarding the Use of Transponders to provide international DBS Service, 11 FCC Rcd 2429, 2436 (1996)  {Oc'(DISCO I Order). (# We see no reason to treat satellite operators in the Kaband any differently. The Commission traditionally has evaluated requests to operate on a noncommon carrier basis using the  X4analysis set forth in National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners v. FCC,Jh  {O#' x ԍXNational Ass'n of Regulatory Utility Commissioners v. FCC, 525 F.2d 630 (D.C. Cir.), cert. denied, 425 U.S. 992 (1976); 47 U.S.C. 153(44). (#  X4(NARUC I). Under NARUC I, we may regulate an entity as a private carrier unless: (1) there" J0*&&qq" is or should be any legal compulsion to serve the public indifferently; or (2) there are reasons implicit in the nature of the service to expect that the entity will in fact hold itself out  X4indifferently to all eligible users.   X4:59.` ` Several of the Kaband FSS applicants propose to operate all services on a non X4common carrier basis.K\2 {O' xp ԍXBut see EchoStar Satellite Corporation Application for Authority to Construct, Launch, and Operate a Ka {O' x Band Satellite System in the FixedSatellite Service, Order and Authorization, DA 97969, (released May 9, 1997. EchoStar proposes to operate its system on a common carrier basis.(#ƍ Regarding the first prong of NARUC I, we do not see any legal compulsion to require any space station licensee in the Kaband to operate on a noncommon carrier basis. We have already determined there is sufficient competitive capacity available in  XJ4the Cand Kubands to assure the U.S. public ample access to fixedsatellite services.bLJ2 {O 'ԍXSee DISCO I Order at  46.(#b In addition, we have licensed thirteen GSO FSS systems and one NGSO FSS system in the Kaband which propose to offer a wide variety of broadband voice, data and video services to the U.S. domestic consumer.  X 4;60.` ` Regarding the second prong of NARUC I, we find there is little likelihood that such Kaband licensees will hold themselves out indifferently to serve the public. New Kaband offerings can be tailored to provide a broad array of specialized communications services ranging from videoconferencing to telemedicine; and these services may be styled to accommodate highly individualized methods of operation and demands of potential customers. We believe permitting Kaband licensees to offer services on a noncommon carrier basis is in the public interest.  X84  V!4X2.X` ` Implementation Milestones(#`  X4<61.` ` As in all other satellite services, all licensees will be required to adhere to a strict timetable for system implementation. This ensures that licensees are building their systems in a timely manner and that the orbitspectrum resource is not being held by licensees unable or unwilling to proceed with their plans. The implementation schedules for 28 GHz systems will generally track the schedules imposed in other satellite services. For these satellites, this means that construction must be commenced within one to two years of grant and the satellite must be launched and operational within five years of license grant. Nevertheless, we recognize, that several GSO FSS 28 GHz systems are designed with multiple satellites at each of several orbit locations and that construction of these large numbers of satellites may take additional time. We must balance this, however, against our goal of preventing warehousing. Consequently, we will require each GSO FSS licensee to begin construction of its first satellite within one year of grant, to begin construction of the remainder within two years of grant, to launch at least one satellite into each of its assigned"~L0*&&qqk" orbit locations within five years of grant, and to launch the remainder of its satellites by the date required by the International Telecommunication Union to assure international  X4recognition and protection of these satellites.7M2 yOK' x ԍXITU Regulations require that all satellites must be brought into use no later than six years from the date on  x which the Appendix 4 information for that satellite was filed. However, a request for a threeyear extension  x of time may be granted. The Appendix 4 information for 28 GHz GSO systems was filed in November  x/ 1995. Therefore, all satellites we have authorized to operate in the 28 GHz spectrum must be launched by November 2004. (#7 For NGSO FSS systems, we adopt the same  X4implementation schedule as we did for the Big LEOs.hNx2 {O 'ԍXSee Big LEO Report and Order at  189.(#h Specifically, we will require NGSO FSS licensees to begin construction of its first two satellites within one year of the unconditional grant of its authorization, and complete construction of those first two satellites within four years of that grant. Construction for the remaining authorized operating satellites in the constellation must begin within three years of the initial authorization, and the entire authorized system must be operational within six years.  X 4 3.` ` Reporting Requirements(#`  X 4  X 4=62.` ` We will also follow the new Part 25 rules for reporting requirements for FSS  X 4systems.tO 2 {O'ԍXSee Part 25 Streamlining, supra, n. 69. (#t Specifically, a licensee will be required to file an annual report with the Commission describing: the status of satellite construction and anticipated launch dates, including any major problems or delays encountered; a listing of any nonscheduled transponder (GSO FSS) or satellite (NGSO FSS) outages for more than 30 minutes; and the cause(s) of such outages; and a detailed description of the utilization made of each  Xd4transponder (GSO FSS) or satellite (NGSO FSS) on each of the inorbit satellites.ePd2 {O'ԍXSee 47 C.F.R. 25.210(j)(1)(2)(3).(#e  XM4  X6' H.XInternational Operations (#  X4  X41. The Process in General  X4  X4>63.` ` The United States is under a treaty obligation, in connection with its membership in the ITU, to coordinate all U.S. authorized services internationally. The ITU's coordination procedures are intended to ensure that the operations of one country's satellites do not cause or receive harmful interference to or from the operations of another country's satellites. The procedure for effecting coordination of a satellite system is a threestep process consisting of (1) advance publication, where a country makes known its plans to implement a  XR4satellite system at particular frequencies and orbital parameters (e.g. location), (2)"R. P0*&&qqN" coordination, where technical agreements are negotiated and reached among countries to ensure interferencefree operations of the planned satellites, and (3) notification, where the frequency assignment is recorded in the ITU's Master International Frequency Register. Once these processes have been completed, a satellite system is entitled to international recognition and is protected against interference from all existing and future satellites.  Xv4?64.` ` We have advance published GSO and NGSO FSS systems and have initiated coordination with the ITU. We have also submitted notification information for a NGSO  XH4FSS system.~QXH2 yO ' x& ԍXBecause coordination procedures were not in place for NGSO FSS satellite systems at the time the Appendix  x 3 information was filed, it was possible for certain NGSO FSS and NGSO MSS feeder link systems to move from the advance publication (step 1) process to the notification (step 3) process. (#~ To facilitate these processes, we will continue to require licensees to provide us with all of the information required to complete the coordination and notification process.  X 4@65.` ` The NTIA may authorize Government GSO FSS and NGSO FSS operations on a primary basis in the band 17.820.2 GHz in accordance with US footnote 334. Where international coordination is required for these Government systems, the NTIA will separately coordinate the Government GSO and NGSO operations in accordance with the appropriate ITU regulations.  Xy4A66.` ` Because the 28 GHz band is allocated and used worldwide for a variety of technically incompatible terrestrial and satellite services, we expect that international coordination of our 28 GHz band nonGovernment systems will be complex. Specifically, the 27.530.0/17.720.2 GHz bands are allocated domestically and internationally to the fixed service, which includes LMDS, and to the FSS, which includes both GSO and NGSO operations. MSS system feeder link operations may also be provided under FSS allocations. As we discussed previously in paragraph 6, we have determined the only way to address these conflicting allocations and proposed usage was to adopt a band plan that, in essence, divides the 27.530.0 /17.7 20.2 GHz band into several band segments, each of which is to be used  X4primarily for LMDS, GSO FSS, NGSO FSS, or MSS feeder link operations.cR2 {OC'ԍXSee discussion  3949.(#c As explained below, we believe it is in the public interest to use this plan as the basis for coordinating U.S. licensed 28 GHz band satellite systems internationally. We outline herein the procedures we intend to follow for coordinating U.S.licensed nonGovernment satellite systems with each other in other parts of the world. In addition, we outline the procedures we will generally follow when coordinating U.S.licensed nonGovernment 28 GHz satellite systems with both satellite and terrestrial systems licensed by other countries. At the same time, we recognize that other countries are able to implement their systems in accordance with their domestic requirements and the International Radio Regulations. "zR0*&&qqk"Ԍ X42.  ` ` Coordination between U.S.Licensed Satellite Systems  X4B67.` ` Because we have licensed multiple nonGovernment 28 GHz satellite systems and several of these systems are designed to operate on a global basis, we will likely be faced with the responsibility of coordinating the international operations of two or more non X4Government satellite systems with each other.S2 yO' x ԍXThis does not include the coordination of earth stations accessing U.S.licensed systems, since these earth stations belong to the administration where the earth station is located.(# The record in this proceeding does not support a finding that sharing between ubiquitous nonGovernment GSO and NGSO FSS  Xa4systems is technically feasible at this time without mitigation.XTXa 2 yO2 ' x/ ԍXHowever, satisfactory ways of cofrequency sharing by NGSO FSS and GSO FSS networks can be found  x4 where the burden is placed on either the GSO or NGSO network. Mitigation techniques to reduce interference can be evaluated through the coordination process.(#X This was the impetus for adopting a band sharing plan at 28 GHz that designated separate band segments for primary GSO FSS, NGSO FSS and feeder link operations. Due to the potential coordination difficulties that may lead to delay of services, we believe it is in the public interest to require U.S. nonGovernment licensees to operate in accordance with our 28 GHz band plan throughout the world, with certain exceptions as described below. Without such a requirement, we believe we would jeopardize the successful operation of these systems outside of the United States.  X4C68.` ` In the Big LEO proceeding, where we also adopted service rules for U.S. global satellite systems, we did not require nonGovernment licensees to operate in accordance  Xd4with the domestic band plan outside the United States.fUd@2 {OU'ԍSee Big LEO Report and Order at  231.f This approach resulted in significant delay in the implementation of their systems, however. Eventually, the Big LEO licensees determined that in order for each system to operate on a global basis without coordination conflicts amongst themselves, the best way was to conform their international operations to the domestic band plan set out in the Big LEO Report and Order. Our experience in the Big LEO proceeding leads us to believe that it is in the public interest to adopt a policy now for coordination of these U.S. licensed global nonGovernment systems in the 28 GHz band to ensure that coordination can proceed and services can be provided to the public in a timely  X4manner.V"2 {O/!' x ԍXSee ex parte filing of Lockheed Martin filed (May 7, 1997) at 8, supporting this policy: " Now that the 28  x GHz band plan has been adopted in the United States, the Commission staff is considering applying the  x same frequency plan, including specific licensing priorities (i.e, "primary" and "secondary" designation), to the operation of U.S. licensed satellites abroad. Lockheed Martin supports the adoption of such measures."(#  X4 ` `  X~4 D69.` ` While we envision coordinating U.S. licensed nonGovernment systems in"~ V0*&&qq" accordance with the 28 GHz band segmentation plan throughout the world, we recognize that there will be some exceptions. For example, due to the need to accommodate nonU.S. satellite systems that had entered into the ITU advance publication, coordination and notification processes before the U.S. systems, the United States has negotiated agreements with other administrations to permit operation of specific satellite systems in certain geographic areas in frequency bands that are not entirely in conformance with the U.S. 28 GHz band plan. Accordingly, we will adhere to any coordination or consultation agreements that were initiated before the 28 GHz band plan was adopted in July 1996. In addition, these nonconforming arrangements could potentially impact how we decide to coordinate U.S. nonGovernment satellite systems in other portions of the 28 GHz band. For example, we may seek to make up for some of the spectrum "lost" to these systems in the agreement in other portions of the band. We anticipate that these deviations from our band plan will be the rare exception for the implementation of the U.S. band plan by U.S. nonGovernment satellite system licensees worldwide.  X 4E70.` ` Last, the U.S. band plan does not distinguish between GSO and NGSO FSS systems as secondary users to LMDS in the 27.5 to 28.35 GHz uplink band. Rather, generic FSS is designated as the secondary service in the U.S. We envision only limited FSS uplink operations, such as gateway operations, will be able to operate on a noninterference basis to LMDS in the United States. In those cases where other countries use the 27.528.35 GHz band segment for FSS, we intend to provide U.S. nonGovernment GSO FSS systems with coordination priority over U.S. nonGovernment NGSO FSS systems in this band. This is because the U.S. band plan designates the corresponding downlink frequency band at 17.718.8 GHz on a priority basis to the GSO FSS, with NGSO FSS operations on a noninterference basis only to any service or system that has superior status or licensing priority. If the uplink frequencies are not treated in a similar manner, the downlink designation would be meaningless. We do not believe this to be the intended result of the band plan. We will therefore give priority to U.S. GSO systems visavis U.S. NGSO systems at 27.528.35 GHz.   Xe4F71.` ` Therefore, as the coordinating administration for these systems, we will require any U.S. nonGovernment satellite system operating inconsistently with the U.S. 28 GHz band plan and, by definition, its coordinated parameters to cease operations if it causes harmful interference to any U.S. nonGovernment system operating in conformance with the U.S. band plan for nonGovernment systems, or to any U.S. Government system operating in accordance with US footnote 334. (The nonGovernment band plan is not applicable for GSO and NGSO Government operations which are authorized on a primary basis across the 17.820.2 GHz band.) ""V0*&&qq "  X43. ` ` Coordination with NonU.S. Licensed Systems  X4G72.` ` In coordinating U.S.licensed nonGovernment systems with systems of other Administrations, we will, as always, follow the applicable coordination procedures set out in the ITU Radio Regulations for the particular band segment being coordinated. For example, satellite system coordination may implicate ITU Radio Regulation No. S22.2 (2613) for instances where NGSO FSS systems and GSO FSS systems are proposed. This regulation applies in certain segments of the 28 GHz band and requires, in those bands, that NGSO FSS systems cease or reduce to a negligible level their operations whenever there is unacceptable interference caused to a GSO FSS system. Consequently, in coordinating and consulting U.S. nonGovernment FSS systems with other countries' FSS systems in bands where this provision applies, we expect that consultations or coordinations between administrations will result in operational or technical considerations which will prevent unacceptable interference to GSO FSS systems. In bands where there is a primary allocation to the fixed service and FSS, we will coordinate U.S. satellite system operations on an equal basis to the fixed stations, consistent with established ITU Radio Regulations and Recommendations.   ` `  V{44.` ` Exclusionary Arrangements in Foreign Countries   Xd4  XM4H73.` ` The Commission can authorize operations of satellite systems in the United States only. Operation and use of these systems in geographic areas outside the United States requires appropriate authorizations from other countries in which the U.S. licensee wishes to operate earth stations. In order to ensure that Kaband satellite service is truly global, we adopt limitations on Kaband licensees' ability to enter into exclusive arrangements with other countries concerning communications to or from the United States similar to those in place  X4for Big LEO systems.W$2 {O<' x ԍXSee Amendment of the Commission's Rules to Establish Rules and Policies Pertaining to a Mobile Satellite  {O' x Service in the 16101626.5/2483.52500 MHz frequency band, Memorandum Opinion and Order, 11 FCC  xA Rcd 12861 (1996) at  5455; 47 CFR 25.143(h) (prohibiting Big LEO licensees from entering into exclusive arrangements to serve particular countries).(# An exclusive agreement may foreclose other FSS licensees from serving a foreign market, preventing that licensee from providing global service. Further, such an arrangement may be inconsistent with our band plan. We intend to construe the restrictions on exclusionary arrangements bearing in mind that spectrum coordination and availability in particular countries may limit the number of systems that can provide service to that country. Nevertheless, our intent will be to further the implementation and use of multiple satellite systems in other administrations.  X ' I.XOther Requirements (#  X4I74.` ` To discourage speculators and to prevent unjust enrichment of those who do not implement their proposed systems, we adopt a rule that prohibits any Kaband licensee" W0*&&qq." from selling a bare license for a profit. This provision is not intended to prevent the infusion of capital by either debt or equity financing. Nevertheless, any such transaction will be  X4monitored to ensure that it does not constitute an evasion of the antitrafficking provision.X2 {OK' xl ԍXSee Big Leo Report and Order at  203; 47 CFR 25.143(h) (prohibits Big LEO licensees from selling a bare license for profit).(#  X' J.Other Issues  Xv4J75.` ` In January 1996, the Commission, in the DISCO I Report and Order,wY^v"2 {OI ' x #X\  P6G;P#эXSee In the Matter of Amendment of the Commission's Regulatory Policies Governing Domestic Fixed  {O ' x Satellites and Separate International Satellite Systems, 11 FCC Rcd 2429 (1996) (Disco I Report and  {O 'Order).(#w abolished all distinctions between U.S. domestic satellites and international separate system satellites. This allows all U.S.licensed satellites to provide any mix of domestic or international satellite services they choose, subject only to the licensee obtaining all applicable international approvals and authorizations by other administrations to provide service to, from or within their respective territories. Therefore, all FSS licensees in the Kaband are permitted to provide any combination of domestic and international services without obtaining separate approval from the Commission for specific service areas.  X4Cn IV. Conclusion ă  Xd4K76.` ` By our action today, we adopt regulations for new generation of satellite systems in the Kaband. These systems have the potential to provide interactive broadband services to U.S. consumers and the world. We believe these rules will best serve the public interest in providing competitive, efficient, rapid, and intense use of fixedsatellite services in the Kaband  X4PY V. Ordering Clauses  X4 L77.` ` Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED that Part 25 of the Commission's rules are amended as specified in Appendix A, effective 60 days after publication in the Federal Register.  "PHY0*&&qq4"  X4M78.` ` IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the amendments to Part 25 of the Commission's rules, 47 CFR Part 25, and the Commission's policies as specified in this Report and Order WILL BECOME EFFECTIVE upon approval by the Office of Management and Budget of the new information collection requirements adopted herein, but no sooner than thirty days from publication in the Federal Register. This action is taken pursuant to Sections 4 and 303 (r) of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended 47 U.S.C.  154, 303(r), and Section 201(c) of the Communications Satellite Act of 1962, 47 U.S.C. 721(c). Xk`  hc0*,.8135@8:4Flexibility Analysis (IRFA) was incorporated in the Third Notice of Proposed Rulemaking in  X'4this proceeding (Third NPRM).[$'ò yO ' x ԍXRulemaking to Amend Parts 1, 2, 21, and 25 of the Commission's Rules to Redesignate the 27.529.5 GHz  x Frequency Band, to Reallocate the 29.530.0 GHz Frequency Band, to Establish Rules and Policies for Local  {OR' x} Multipoint Distribution Service and for Fixed Satellite Services, Third Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 11  {O'FCC Rcd 53 (1995) (Third NPRM).(# The Commission sought written public comment on the  X4proposals in the Third NPRM, including comment on the IRFA. This Final Regulatory  X4Flexibility Analysis (FRFA), concerning the Third Report and Order, conforms to the RFA.~\ò {O'#X\  P6G;P#эXSee 5 U.S.C. 604. (#~   X 4 I.Need for and Objectives of the Third Report and Order:  X 4  In this decision, the Commission, adopts licensing qualification rules and service rules for fixedsatellite service systems in the Kaband. The purpose of this action is to help launch a new broadband satellite service wellsuited to compete in the domestic and global marketplace. In order to ensure the rapid and successful implementation of new FSS systems in the Kaband, the Commission has used the existing FSS system rules as a foundation and has modified these rules to the extent necessary to reflect the nature of operations at Kaband. The decision promotes efficiency in licensing and use of the electromagnetic spectrum. In addition we expect that the licensing framework we have set out for the Kaband will aid in the development of competitive and innovative satellite systems.  X' II.XSummary of Significant Issues Raised by Public Comments in Response to the Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis:(#  Xy4 No comments were received specifically in response to the IRFA. However, in order to minimize any barriers for entry into this new satellite market for small entities, Commission staff spent months encouraging and working with all of the commercial GSO FSS applicants to reach agreement on an orbital assignment plan to accommodate all first"%h \0*&&qq"ԫ X4round applicants. As discussed in the Third Report and Order, the applicants did reach agreement regarding orbit locations. Therefore we are able to waive our financial qualification requirement and not look to current financial ability as a prerequisite to a license grant. By licensing all current commercial system applicants, we enable small entities and startup companies the opportunity to compete in the capital intensive satellite industry.  Xa'   XJ'III.Description and Estimate of the Number of Small Entities to Which Rules Will  X3'Apply:  X 4 The Commission has not developed a definition of small entities applicable to satellite service licensees. Therefore, the applicable definition of small entity is the definition under  X 4the Small Business Administration (SBA) rules #X~ps7}X##Xj\  P6G;9XP#applicable to Communications Services "Not Elsewhere Classified." This definition provides that a small entity is expressed as one with  X 4$11.0 million or less in annual receipts.] ò yO"'#X\  P6G;P#эX13 CFR  121.201, Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Code 4899. (#ƪ According to the Census Bureau data, there were a total of 848 communications services in operation in 1992 that fall under the category of Communications Services, Not Elsewhere Classified . Of those, approximately 775 reported  Xd4annual receipts of $9,999 million or less and qualify as small entities.<^dXò {Om' x #X\  P6G;P#эX1992 Economic Census Industry and Enterprise Receipts Size Report, Table 2D, SIC 4899 (U.S. Bureau of the Census data under contract to the Office of Advocacy of the U.S. Small Business Administration).(#< The census report does not provide more precise data. Describing and estimating the number of small entities these rules will impact is made difficult by a number of factors. First of all, information from the Satellite Industry Association and financial analysts who specialize in this market indicate there are few firms that could be traditionally thought of as small businesses. They point to the fact that this is a capital intensive industry that requires "significant partner funding and/or contract  X4commitments prior to approaching commercial financing sources."_ò {O' x #X\  P6G;P#эXSee "Financing the Final Frontier: Funding Commercial Space Activities" Bear Stearns, Global Space & Satellite Finance Report.(# In addition, estimates of employment in the commercial satellite service industry, another measure of small business  X~4status, can vary widely.`~ ò yO;"' xy #X\  P6G;P#эXFor example American Mobile Satellite Corp is reported to have 45 employees by the Satellite Industry Association; 317 employees by Satellite Industry Analyst "BZW."(# Space Stations (Geostationary). Commission records reveal that there are 37 space station licensees. We do not request nor collect annual revenue information, and thus are"9&d `0*&&qq+" unable to estimate the number of geostationary space stations that would constitute a small business under the SBA definition. Space Stations (NonGeostationary). There are six NonGeostationary Space Station licensees, of which only one system is operational. We do not request nor collect annual revenue information, and thus are unable to estimate the number of nongeostationary space stations that would constitute a small business under the SBA definition.   XH4  We have also recently authorized thirteen commercial GSO FSS satellite systems in the Kaband and one commercial NGSO FSS system to construct, launch, and operate in the Kaband, conditioned on compliance with the licensing and service rules we adopt in this  X 4Third Report and Order. Therefore there are no small businesses currently providing these types of broadband interactive services in the Kaband.   X '       X 'IV.XDescription of Projected Reporting, Recordkeeping and Other Compliance  X'Requirements: (# The Commission's existing rules in Part 25 on FSS operations contain reporting  XM4requirements for FSS systems. In this Third Report and Order, we adopt no new reporting requirements for FSS operations in the Kaband and state that we will follow the new Part 25  X!4rules for reporting requirements for FSS systems.Oa!ò {O' x #X\  P6G;P##X\  P6G;P#эXSee Streamlining the Commission's Rules and Regulations for Satellite Application and Licensing  {Od'Procedures, Report and Order, 11 FCC Rcd 21581 (1996).(#O These requirements are specifically stated  X 4in paragraph 60 of the Third Report and Order. It is likely that the entities filing the reports will require no professional skills for the preparation of such requests.   X' V.XSteps Taken to Minimize Significant Economic Burden on Small Entities, and  X'Significant Alternatives Considered: (#  As part of our licensing qualifications standard for the FSS, the Commission has in the past applied rigorous financial qualification standards when the authorization of one applicant will not prevent another qualified applicant from going forward with a proposal in the same  X&4service. In the Third NPRM we proposed to apply the existing FSS rules to the Kaband, including this strict financial standard. Several of the experienced and well financed satellite service providers such as Hughes Communications, GE Americom and Loral supported this proposal as a way to get service to the public in an efficient manner. In order to minimize any barriers for entry into this new satellite market for small entities, Commission staff spent months encouraging and working with all of the commercial""'$a0*&&qq " GSO FSS applicants to reach agreement on an orbital assignment plan to accommodate all  X4firstround applicants. As discussed in the Third Report and Order, the applicants did reach agreement regarding orbit locations. Therefore we are able to waive our financial qualification requirement and not look to current financial ability as a prerequisite to a license grant. By licensing all current commercial system applicants, we enable small entities and startup companies the opportunity to compete in the capital intensive satellite industry.  XJ' VI.Report to Congress The Commission shall send a copy of this Final Regulatory Flexibility Analysis, along  X 4with this Third Report and Order, in a report to Congress pursuant to the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, 5 U.S.C.  801(a)(1)(A). A copy of this FRFA will also be published in the Federal Register.  X 4