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^6=X\\===\====\\\\\\\\\\==\nnzni=Qzfznn\fnnff===\\=\\Q\Q3\\33Q3\\\\FF3\QzQQFQ\Q\0\\\\\=\\\\\\\\\3n\n\n\n\n\zzQnQnQnQnQ=3=3=3=3z\\\\\\\\\fQn\\\\fQ\n\n\n\n\yQyQz\z\nnQn\n\nQ\\\\\\\>3\\\\=\\\\z\g3gBf\g3g3y\ny\z\\\znFnFn\\F\F\F\\gBg3f\\\\\\\zf\gFgFgF\f\z\\\f\f\n=\\===WxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxN\\\=\UU\\\\\\@\\\\@==\\\33\\pp\\\b\\=\\@"\[\4\==p=\p\f\z\=\Q\iwUzpNm\QQ====pppfpfzQpGfQ\Q=3zQzffzQz\Qpp\p\\fQfQzppfppppp=\ffpQpppp==\\\\p\\\fffp=i\Q=Tgnj}}ccyyTjcc;T;TXFu ?<  QK xP-#c PE37MP#Q` `  hh,Vpp  DA 961941 S-JO #&m PE37&P#   t!V Before the  Federal Communications Commission  Sx-Washington, D.C. 20554 ĐlU   T-In the Matter of the Applications ofhh,V) ` `  hh,V)  T`- LORAL SPACE &  hh,V)ppFile Nos.  72SATP/LA95  T9 - COMMUNICATIONS, LTD. hh,V)pp  73SATP/LA95  T - ` `  hh,V)pp   137SATP95  T -` `  hh,V)pp   100SATAMEND96  T -For Authority to Construct, Launch and V)pp  101SATAMEND96  T -Operate Space Stations in the Domestic V)  Tr -FixedSatellite Service hh,V)  S-  MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER lU  T- Adopted: November 20, 1996 hh,VppReleased: November 21, 1996 t!V   By the Chief, International Bureau:  S-C Introduction Đ T-lU1. ` ` On May 7, 1996, we authorized the construction, launch, and operation of eleven satellites in the domestic fixedsatellite ("domsat") service and assigned them to satellite orbit  TB-locations,.B# P<ԍ#c PE37MP#` ` See Assignment of Orbital Locations to Space Stations in the Domestic FixedSatellite Service,  zP-DA 96713 (May 7, 1996) ("May 7 Order").#c PE37MP#(#` . with separate opinions addressing the merits of each application to follow. We issue this  T- MO&O for the authorizations granted to Loral Space & Communications, Ltd. ("Loral SpaceCom")k3# P<ԍ#c PE37MP#` ` Loral requests that we substitute Loral SpaceCom for LAHI because of changes in its corporate structure due to the acquisition of its defenserelated businesses by Lockheed Martin  zP -Corporation on April 22, 1996. See File Nos. 100/101 SATAMEND96 (April 26, 1996).(#` Ƃ  T-to construct, launch, and operate two hybrid C/Kubandf# P"<ԍ#c PE37MP#` ` For purposes of this opinion, the Cband encompasses the 37004200/59256425 MHz frequency bands; the Kuband encompasses the 11.712.2/14.014.5 GHz bands.(#`  domestic fixedsatellites at the 1290 W.L.  T- and 770 W.L. orbital positions, and to construct one onground spare. These authorizations permit Loral SpaceCom to enter the domsat service market for the first time.  "S0*((!"Ԍ S-ԙE Background ĐlU  T-2.` ` In the 1996 domsat processing round, Loral SpaceCom requested authority to construct, launch, and operate two hybrid C/Kuband satellites, LoralSat 101 and 102, and to  T`-construct one onground spare. AMSC Subsidiary Corporation,i`# P<ԍ#c PE37MP#` ` AMSC's comments related to the possibility of interference if a Loral SpaceCom satellite was  xP-positioned at or near the 101o W.L. orbital position. Loral Spacecom 's satellites were assigned  xPi-orbital location s far away from 101o W.L. and, therefore, AMSC's concerns are unfounded. (#`  AT&T Corp., EchoStar Satellite  T8-Corporation, and GE American CommunicationsCi8# P <ԍ#c PE37MP#` ` In its September 22, 1995 consolidated comments, GE filed comments raising concerns about high power satellites. Although GE included Loral SpaceCom in the caption, it did not specifically address its applications.(#` C filed comments concerning Loral SpaceCom's  T-applications. For the reasons discussed below, we granted Loral SpaceCom's applications in the  May  T-7 Order.3*# P<ԍ#c PE37MP#` ` Loral Space and Communications, Ltd. and AT&T Corp. have applied to the Commission for  xP-authority to transfer control of AT&T's Telstar series satellites to Loral. This order is not  zPS-intended to prejudge Commission action in that proceeding. See Public Notice, Report No. SPB63 (October 23, 1996).(#` ƾ  T-3.` ` Loral SpaceCom's proposed satellites will each have 24 Cband and 32 Kuband transponders. The Cband transponders each have a bandwidth of 36 MHz, a transmitter power of 20  TH -watts, and a maximum effective isotropically radiated power ("EIRP") of 41.5 dBW.#iH % # P <ԍ#c PE37MP#` ` Given the relatively high Cband EIRP here, we emphasize that the Commission expects Loral SpaceCom not to exceed the power flux density ("PFD") levels as specified in 47 C.F.R. 25.208(a). (#` # The Kuband transponders each have a bandwidth of 27 MHz, a transmitter power of 110 watts, and a maximum  T -EIRP of 53.0 dBW. V# P<ԍ#c PE37MP#` ` The maximum EIRP level here is relatively high, therefore, we expect Loral SpaceCom to coordinate the operation of its Kuband transponders with licensees of adjacent satellites.(#`  Loral SpaceCom proposed to provide coverage to the 48 contiguous states ("CONUS"), Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It estimated the cost to construct and launch each satellite, and to operate them for one year to be $490 million. It requested  T -the 790 W.L. and 1290 W.L. orbital locations and sought to offer services on a noncommon carrier basis. Loral SpaceCom proposed to launch LoralSat 101 in June 1999 and LoralSat 102 in October 1999, approximately.  T-4.` ` Loral SpaceCom asserted that its proposal to enter the domsat service market will mean the construction and operation of economical stateoftheart digital satellites, initially providing  T-hundreds of channels of cable and payperview programming.  S-l "0*(("  S-IPDiscussion ĐlU  S- A.  LoralSat 101, 102, and Ground Spare  T`-5.` ` Our rules permit us to assign new licensees "up to two orbital locations in each pair  T8-of frequency bands proposed,"y 8# P<ԍ#c PE37MP#` ` 47 C.F.R.  25.140(f).(#` y Further, we routinely authorize the construction of ground spares, in  T-part, to enable operators to provide protection in the event of a satellite failure. Loral SpaceCom was  T-legally, technically, and financially qualified to be a space station licensee. Accordingly, in our May  T-7 Order, we granted Loral SpaceCom's applications to construct, launch, and operate two inorbit  T-satellites, LoralSat 101 and 102, and to construct one onground spare.  TH -6.` ` EchoStar opposed the Loral SpaceCom applications, arguing that we should not  T -allocate an orbital position in the high power arc to Loral since it intends to construct a comparatively  T -low power satellite. EchoStar noted that the Commission specifically established the 750 W.L. to 790  T -W.L. and 1320 W.L. to 1360 W.L. for 12/14 GHz highpower density satellites.7  i# N<ԍ#c PE37MP#` ` See In the Matter of the Applications of GE American Communications, Inc. for Modification of  zP-Space Station Authorizations in the Domestic FixedSatellite Service, 3 F.C.C. Rcd. 6871, 6877 (1988) (we said that through isolation we will avoid interference problems inherent in  xPB-locating higher power satellites adjacent to lower power satellites and will improve orbitspectrum utilization through this arc segmentation).(#` 7 AT&T asserted  T -that it should be awarded the 1290 W.L. orbital position instead of Loral SpaceCom because the  T -public interest would be better served.  *# PJ<ԍ#c PE37MP#` ` AT&T was assigned the 93o W.L. and 69o W.L. orbital locations for two hybrid C/Kuband  zP#-satellites. See May 7 Order.(#`   T0-  7.` ` We disagree with the commenters arguments . We note, first, that the May 7 Order  T- abandoned the policy of reserving a portion of the arc for high power satellites since most satellites  T-are now operating at these higher levels without causing interference. |  # P<ԍ#c PE37MP#` ` May 7 Order at  7.(#` | Further, the power levels  T-proposed by Loral SpaceCom are not "comparatively low" as EchoStar contends. On the contrary, its  T-proposed Kuband power density levels ĩ transmitter power of 110 watts and maximum EIRP of 53.0 dBW are equivalent to present generation highpower direct broadcast satellites ("DBS"). Moreover, Loral SpaceCom asserts that its proposed orbital assignments are compatible with the two T-degree orbital separation plan and, therefore, would be unlikely to cause interference. m6 # P!<ԍ#c PE37MP#` ` See Licensing of Space Stations in the Domestic FixedSatellite Service, 54 Rad. Reg. 2d  zP"-(P&F) 577, 589 (1983) ("Reduced Orbital Spacing"). The 2o spacing policy was implemented  zP#-in the 1985 Orbital Assignment Order, and preserved in the 1988 Orbital Assignment Order.(#` Ʋ Secondly, as  T-stated in the May 7 Order, a request for a particular orbital slot does not prevent assigning an other orbital location that we believe serves the public interest. We consider many factors in assigning an  T-applicant a particular orbital position. No one factor would be singularly determinative.k# P'<ԍ#c PE37MP#` ` See May 7 Order at 4.(#` ƅ Likewise," 0*((" as Loral SpaceCom points out, our domsat policy accords an assignment preference to new entrants in the domsat service arena. Consequently, we see no reason to change the orbital assignment of  T-LoralSat 101, made in the May 7 Order.  T-  T`-8.` ` We emphasize again, nonetheless, that satellite operators must coordinate in good faith to resolve potential interference issues. We continue to expect the various affected satellite operators  T-to work out their technical differences in operating diverse power density services.w# Px<ԍ#c PE37MP#` ` See id at 12.(#` w No issues raised  T-influence us to put additional restrictions on Loral SpaceCom.  T-  Sp- Conclusion and Ordering Clauses ĐlU  T -9.` ` We find that pursuant to Section 309 of the Communications Act, 47 U.S.C  309, grant of Loral SpaceCom's LoralSat 101, LoralSat 102, and ground spare applications will serve the  T -public interest, convenience, and necessity. These authorizations will allow Loral Space and Communications, Ltd. to begin competing in the domestic fixedsatellite service market. As specified  T -in the May 7 Order, we have assigned LoralSat 101 and 102 to the 129o W.L. and 77o W.L. orbital locations, respectively.  T- 10.` ` Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED that application file Nos. 72SATP/LA95, 73SAT T-P/LA95, 137SATP95, 100SATAMEND96, and 101SATAMEND96 ARE GRANTED, as discussed in this order, and Loral Space & Communications, Ltd. IS AUTHORIZED to construct  T-three hybrid C/Kuband fixedsatellites, in accordance with the technical specifications set forth in its applications.  T- 11.` ` IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Loral Space & Communications, Ltd., IS AUTHORIZED to launch and operate two space stations in the fixedsatellite service in accordance  T-with the Assignment of Orbital Locations to Space Stations in the Domestic FixedSatellite Service,  T-DA 96713 (May 7, 1996), as well as the relevant terms and conditions of all previous orders and  Ty-authorizations concerning the operation of space stations. These requirements include the filing of  TQ- annual reports on the progress of space station construction, traffic on inorbit satellites and  T)-  transponder use. See Streamlining the Commission's Rules and Regulations for Satellite Application  T-and Licensing Procedures, IB Docket No. 95117 (adopted October 29, 1996).  T- 12.` ` IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that unless extended by the Commission for good cause shown, each authorization shall become NULL AND VOID in the event the space station is not constructed, launched, and successfully placed into operation in accordance with the technical parameters and terms and conditions of the authorizations by the following dates:  T -` `  Construction CommencedConstruction Completedxx-Launched  T"-X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8: