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Y2!!dddddH=dYHHHHHHHHHHx!d2H282YdHdC2!2H,29HNAddHHHHHHHHHHddddd.dHHHHdddddddddddddddddddHHddddddSC=NdHddd+;HHHHddddddHHH2HHdHHdddHHH,HHHH,HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH!HHH!HHH!HHH!HHHHHHHHHHHHHH=?8=8C,?'A,J2H,!F,C8[8J,C2H,H=92=22?,H,C=H8N===H?J!2HHH=,====!!2222HJ222HHH=!92,!dx/c81,c P7Py.f81,f_ p^78wC;,[AXw P7XP7zC;,ZXz_ p^7X3m=6,#R&m P7&P2p=6,A&p_ p^7&OA%!,JA P7JPH<!, ,< P7,P X2 X   (U X2 Q #XP\  P6Q[AXP#Federal Communications Commission`(#!DA 98487 ă  yxdddy (( #XP\  P6Q[AXP#Before the  QFederal Communications Commission  X2Washington, D.C. 20554 ă  T(#&a\  P6G;#R&P#  Tk( In the Matter of  ,XhXhhX)(#  TD(XX` ` X ,XhXhh)(#h`(#(#  T(Edwin Valentin hh)h NAL/ Acct. No. 815DT0002 (#  T(d/b/a Musical Radio  ,hhh)  T(Pontiac, Michigan ,hhh)  S( SNOTICE OF FORFEITURE  T- (  T ( ` `  ,h hhppXReleased:   March 11, 1998 By the Compliance and Information Bureau:  T( ` . 1. ` ` Before the Bureau is a Notice of Apparent Liability (NAL), released on December 10,  x1998, and the January 9, 1998 response thereto, filed by Edwin Valentin, d/b/a Musical Radio,  xrequesting that the Bureau dismiss the Notice of Apparent Liability. The NAL proposes imposition of  xa forfeiture against Edward Valentin in the amount of $5,000 pursuant to Section 503(b) of the  Tv( xCommunications Act of 1934, as amended (the Act), 47 U.S.C.  503(b), for violation of Section 301  xRof the Act, 47 U.S.C.  301 and sections 15.209 and 15.239 of the Commission's rules, 47 C.F.R.   15.209, 15.239. For the reasons noted below, we affirm the monetary forfeiture of $5,000.  T( ` <2.` ` The Commission's Detroit Office, prompted by a privatesector complaint, monitored and  x\located unauthorized transmissions being made by Edwin Valentin on 106.3 MHz on October 24 and  T( xOctober 28, 1997.L xP( xԍ The FCC's Detroit Office began its investigation and monitoring of the station's operations after receiving an October 22, 1997 complaint from a Commission licensee. Field strength measurements, taken at that time, demonstrated that the transmissions  xexceeded the limits allowed under Section 15.239 of the Rules, 47 C.F.R.  15.239. On December 5,  xV1997, an FCC agent inspected the station. At that time, Mr. Valentin was operating the radio transmitter  xand admitted being the operator of the station, which he identified as "Musical Radio". He further  xacknowledged that the station had no license to broadcast from the FCC. On December 10, 1997, the Detroit Office issued the NAL to which the Respondent now responds.  Tn( ` 3.` ` In his response, Mr. Valentin seeks cancellation of the NAL. He does not deny operating  xan unauthorized radio transmitting facility, but rather he contends that the Commission's regulatory  x*scheme operates as an impermissible infringement and thereby restricts his First Amendment right to  xbroadcast over the airwaves. This impermissible constitutional encroachment, Mr. Valentin maintains,  xarises from the Commission's policy which does not allow the licensing of any new stations below 100"" ,))ZZ "  T( xwatts.9X xPh( xԍ Respondent does acknowledge that the Commission's rules do permit unlicensed low power broadcasting, but  xargues that "the maximum field strength permitted for such broadcasts precludes reception beyond a 2block radius." Response at p.4. 9 Citing to Section 303(g) of the Act, 47 U.S.C.  303(g), Respondent further contends that the  xCommission's effective ban on very low power broadcasting also violates the FCC's statutory mandate  xto "study new uses for radio, provide for experimental uses of frequencies, and generally encourage the  xNlarger and more effective use of radio in the public interest." In his response to the Commission's  xguidance that he seek a waiver or initiate rulemaking proceedings if dissatisfied with the Commission's  xcurrent licensing scheme, Respondent asserts that it is the Commission's duty, not the responsibility of applicants, to recognize that its present regulatory scheme violates the First Amendment.  S- ` x4.` ` As presently structured, the Commission's rules do not allow for the licensing of any  xcommercial radio station facilities which would operate below 100 watts (existing noncommercial,  x0educational radio facilities, were allowed to continue to operate as Class D stations pursuant to a  SH - xyCommission proceeding which involved notice and comment). See In the Matter of Changes in the Rules  S - xRelating to Noncommercial Educational FM Broadcast Stations, 69 FCC 2d 240, 244. (1978). Moreover,  x Commission rules, under Part 15, do sanction low power broadcasting, although with accompanying emissions restrictions. 47 C.F.R.  15.209, 15.239.  S - ` Dx5.` ` In a somewhat cavalier fashion, Respondent, without seeking a license or other  xCommission authorization, began his unauthorized broadcasts. This conduct constituted a serious breach  x]and patent violation of Section 301 of the Act. That statute, in relevant part, requires a license or  x>Commission authorization for any U.S. radio broadcast transmissions. The constitutionality of the  xCommunications Act and the FCC's authority to license broadcast stations have been repeatedly sustained  S- x\by the Supreme Court. In National Broadcasting Co. v. United States, 319 U.S. 190, 227 (1943), the  xSupreme Court clearly held that "[t]he right of free speech does not include the right to use the facilities  Sh- xof a radio station without a license. See also Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC, 395 U.S. 367, 388 (1969).  S- ` Qx6.` ` The Commission's investigation has revealed that Respondent was fully aware that his  x\operation of the radio station, known as "Radio Musical" or "Musical Radio", was in violation of the  xyCommission's rules. Nevertheless, he initiated and continued his illegal broadcasts. Because Respondent  xhas not applied for a license, we do not have the benefit of a full record upon which to respond to Mr.  xValentin's constitutional argument that the FCC is violating its statutory mandate regarding exploration  xof experimental uses of the frequencies in the public interest. If Respondent wishes to pursue his  xychallenge to the constitutionality of the FCC's licensing scheme, he must first apply for a license or other  S- xform of authorization. See generally, Suncom Mobile & Data Inc. v. FCC, 87 F.3d 1386 (D.C. Cir. 1996).  S`- ` x 7.` ` The Commission derives its forfeiture authority from Section 503 of the Act, 47 U.S.C.  x503, and Section 1.80 of the Rules, 47 C.F.R. 1.80. In its determination of the appropriate forfeiture  xamount, the Detroit Field Office followed Section 503 of the Act, Section 1.80 of the rules, and the  S - xCommission's Policy Statement, Standards for Assessing Forfeitures, (Policy Statement), 12 FCC Rcd  x[17087 (1997). In assessing forfeitures, Section 503(b) of the Act requires that the Commission take into  xaccount the nature, circumstances, extent, and gravity of the violation and, with respect to the violator,  xthe degree of culpability, any history of prior offenses, his/her ability to pay, and other such matters as"p#,N(N(ZZ$" justice may require. 47 U.S.C. 503(b)(2)(D).  S- ` x8.` ` The circumstances of this case do not indicate any aggravating factors or extenuating  xfactors warranting a reduction or cancellation of the monetary forfeiture initially assessed. Moreover,  x.Respondent has not submitted any relevant financial or other data that would tend to dispute his ability  S8-to pay the $5,000 forfeiture.  hh  S- ` #x9.` ` Based upon Mr. Valentin's Response, as well as the factors set forth in the Commission's  S- xPolicy Statement, we find that a forfeiture in the amount of $5,000 is warranted and supported by the record.  SH - ` @ x10. ` ` ACCORDINGLY, IT IS ORDERED that, pursuant to 47 U.S.C.  503(b), and Section  S - x1.80 of the Commission's Rules, 47 C.F.R.  1.80, Edwin Valentin IS LIABLE FOR A MONETARY  S - x/FORFEITURE in the amount of five thousand dollars ($5,000) for violation of Section 301 of the  xCommunications Act, 47 U.S.C.  301, and Sections 15.209 and 15.239 of the Commission's Rules, 47 C.F.R.  15.209, 15.239.  SX- ` x11.` ` IT IS FURTHER ORDERED , pursuant to Section 1.80(f) of the Commission's Rules,  xz47 C.F.R.  1.80(f), that Edwin Valentin shall, within thirty (30) days of the release of this Forfeiture  xOrder pay the full amount of the forfeiture. Forfeitures shall be paid by check, credit card or money order  S- xmade payable to the Federal Communications Commission. ? yOH- xԍ Requests for installment plans should be mailed to: Chief, Billings and Collections, Mail Stop 1110A2, 1919  xM Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20554. Payment of the forfeiture in installments may be considered as a separate  xYmatter in accordance with Section 1.1914 of the Commission's Rules. Please contact Chief, Billings and Collections for information regarding credit card payments. The remittance should be marked "NAL/Acct. No. 815DT0002" and mailed to the following address: XxFederal Communications Commission(# XxPost Office Box 73482(# XxChicago, IL 606737482(#  x[Petitions for Reconsideration pursuant to Section 1.106, 47 C.F.R.  1.106 of the Rules, or Applications for Review pursuant to Section 1.115, 47 C.F.R. 1.115, should be sent to: XxChief, Compliance Division(# XxCompliance and Information Bureau(# XxFederal Communications Commission(# Xx1919 M Street, N.W.(# XxWashington, D.C. 20554(# XxATTN: Mail Stop 1500E3AJC(#  S`- j$%] "`,N(N(ZZ"  j$%]   S- ` x12.` ` IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that a copy of this Order shall be sent by certified mail, returnreceipt requested, to Edwin Valentin and to his attorney of record.  S-x` `  hh FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION  S- x` `  hhLawrence S. Schaffner  S -x` `  hhActing Director, Legal Services Group   x` `  hh j$%] Compliance Division x` `  hhCompliance and Information Bureau j$%]