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)^ `> XifQ ` Advanced Legal WordPerfect II Learning Guide   x )^ `> XifQ Advanced Legal WordPerfect II Learning Guide   j-n )^ `> XifQ    Copyright  Portola Systems, Inc. 1987, 1988`6 >Page  jBX )^ `> XifQ    Page ` Copyright  Portola Systems, Inc. 1987, 1988 Style 3oDutch Roman 11.5 with Margins/Tabs )a [ PfQO  ddn  # c0*b, oT9 !2V  |:  Style 4 PSwiss 8 Point with MarginsDq Co> PfQ  dddd  #  Style 1.5Dutch Roman 11.5 Font4h )a [ PfQO  dddn Style 2Dutch Italic 11.5$ )^ `> XifQ Style 5Dutch Bold 18 Point2<(mStyle 7Swiss 11.5$$V )ao> PfQ ]  )a [ PfQO Style 6Dutch Roman 14 Point$$N w [ PfQ   )a [ PfQO Style 10oInitial Codes for Advanced U )a [ PfQK  dddn  ##  [[ b, oT9 !b, oT9 !n )^ `> XifQ ` Advanced Legal WordPerfect Learning Guide   f )^ `> XifQ Advanced Legal WordPerfect Learning Guide   Q" )^ `> XifQ    Copyright  Portola Sys HeadlinenHeading for internal papersql + 2nKIWITNESS.STYIN WITNESS WHEREOF*Cqw  ` IN WITNESS WHEREOF,1H-ART.STYARTICLES IAD?qw )ARTICLE Iă  ` "i~'^09FSS999Sq+9+/SSSSSSSSSS99qqqSggnxggxx9In]nxgxgS]xgg]]?/?FS9SSISI/SS//I/xSSSS??/SInII?C/CZ9+ZF999+999999S9S/gSgSgSgSgSnnIgIgIgIgI9/9/9/9/nSxSxSxSxSxSxSxSxS]IgSxSxSxS]IxSgSgSgSgSnInInZnIxdgIgIgIgIxSxSxSxZxSxZxS9/9S999SSZZnI]/]<]9]5]/nSanSnSxSxSng?g?g?S?S?S?ZZ]<]/]FxSxSxSxSxSxSn]Z]?]?]?xS]9nSS?]9]Sd+SS8%8WuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddN%7777777777>>>0eOIIOD>OO%*ODaOO>OI>DOOgOOD%%37%07070%777V7777%*77O77055;%;3%%%%%%%%%%%7O0O0O0O0O0aHI0D0D0D0D0%%%%O7O7O7O7O7O7O7O7O7O7O0O7O6O7O7O7>7O0O0O0I0I0I;I0OED0D0D0D0O7O7O7O;O7O;O7%%7%%%7M>;;O7DD,D%D%DO7AO7O7O7O7aOI%I%I%>*>*>*>;D.DD3O7O7O7O7O7O7gOO;D0D0D0O7D%O7>*D%O7E77%%WMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxN(BB(37%07777j7#TT7!#TT7T!%%007n&&Bn77lCTn(nBB(A\\>>n%07\n!"IIIITTenn7TnB@;7>lBBn7\5hC:,-2Xh*f9 xr G;XX\{,W80,-0W*f9 xr G;X2a=5,&a\  P6G;&P"i~'^5>I\\>>>\g0>03\\\\\\\\\\33gggQyyrg>Frgygrr>3>T\>Q\Q\Q>\\33\3\\\\>F3\\\\QX%Xc>0cT>>>0>>>>>>>>\3QQQQQwyQrQrQrQrQ>3>3>3>3\\\\\\\\\\Q\Z\\\g\QQQyQyQycyQtrQrQrQrQ\\\c\c\>3>\>>>\gcc\r3rIr>r>r3\l\\\\y>y>y>gFgFgFgcrMr3rT\\\\\\crQrQrQ\r>\gFr>\t0\\=!=WxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxNBnnBT\>Q\\\\\3;\7;\7>>QQ\??n\\pBnnBmgg>Q\7"yyyy\njc\gnn\"i~'^5>g\\>>>\g0>03\\\\\\\\\\>>ggg\yyrF\yrgyy>3>j\>\gQgQ>\g3>g3g\ggQF>g\\\QI(I_>0_j>>>0>>>>>>\>g3\\\\\QyQyQyQyQD3D3D3D3g\\\\gggg\\g\\\\pg\\\QQ_QyQyQyQyQ\\\_\gjF3FgF>Fgg__gy3ySy>yIy3ggg\\QQQgFgFgFg_y^y>yjgggggg_yQyQyQgy>ggFy>\0\\=2=WxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxNBnnBa\>\\\\\\7>\7>\7>>\\\??n\\pBnnBsgg>\\7"yyyy\nlc\gnn\2(^Q"x K&b<?xxx,ix6X@`7X@y.X80,X\  P6G;Py.\80,T\4  pG;7jC:,9Xj\  P6G;XP7nC:,|Xn4  pG;XW!@(#,h@\  P6G;hPH5!,i,5\  P6G;,P\5hC:,-2Xh*f9 xr G;XX\{,W80,-0W*f9 xr G;X2a=5,&a\  P6G;&P 2e=5,&e4  pG;&P:% ,J:\  P6G;JP\0_=5,-&_*f9 xr G;&X"i~'^5>M\\>>>\}0>03\\\\\\\\\\>>}}}\rryrr>Qygyrr\grrggF3FM\>\\Q\Q3\\33Q3\\\\FF3\QyQQFI3Ic>0cM>>>0>>>>>>\>\3r\r\r\r\r\yyQrQrQrQrQ>3>3>3>3y\\\\\\\\\gQr\\\\gQ\r\r\r\r\yQyQycyQnrQrQrQrQ\\\c\c\>3>\>>>\\ccyQg3gBg>g;g3y\jy\y\\\yrFrFrF\F\F\FccgBg3gM\\\\\\ygcgFgFgF\g>y\\Fg>g\n0\\=(=WddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddNBnnB_\F\\\\\\3;\7;\7>>gg\??n\\pBnnBb\\>g\7"yyyy\njc\}nn\2,) X- X   P S-#X\  P6G;P#  #&a\  P6G; &P#Federal Communications Commission`}(#DA 981023 ă  yxdddy PgՊ#Xj\  P6G;9XP# $NG P3 #&a\  P6G; &P#Before the Federal Communications Commission  S-" Washington, D.C. 20554 ă  Sq-Thpp  SI-In re Petition of hh@h) x` `  hh@h)  S- G Force, L.L.C. hh@h)ppCSR 5232A x` `  hh@h)  S-For Modification of Television Markets of@h)  S-Stations KWHETV and KIKUTV, Honolulu, Hawaiih)  S -  MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER TP  S -X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:carriage in those communities. However, this right is subject to several conditions: 1) a cable system  S - xoperator is generally required to devote no more than onethird of the system's activated channel capacity" |,p(p(88!"  S- x.to compliance with the mandatory signal carriage obligations,u3 {Oh-#X\  P6G;P#эSee 47 U.S.C.  534(b)(1)(B).u 2) the station is responsible for delivering  S- x.a good quality signal to the principal headend of the system,z Z3 {O-#X\  P6G;P#эSee 47 U.S.C.  534(h)(1)(B)(iii).z and 3) the system operator is not required  xjto carry the signal of any station whose signal substantially duplicates the signal of any other local signal  S- xcarried, or the signals of more than one local station affiliated with a particular broadcast network.r 3 {O-#X\  P6G;P#эSee 47 U.S.C.  534(b)(5).r If,  xpursuant to these requirements, a system operator elects to carry only one such duplicating signal, the  xoperator is obliged to carry the station from the market whose city of license is closest to the principal  S- xLheadend of the cable system.a ~3 yO. -#X\  P6G;P#э8 FCC Rcd at 2981.a Accordingly, depending upon the circumstances involved, the addition of  S- x.communities to a station's market may have the following consequences. It may guarantee that station's  xcarriage in the subject communities. Should there be more mustcarry stations than onethird of the  xksystem's channel capacity, it would provide the system operator with an expanded list of mustcarry  xsignals from which to choose. Should the station be a duplicating network station, it will determine which station has priority carriage in the subject communities added.  S -`  MARKET FACTS, ARGUMENT AND DISCUSSION ă  S - ` $x7.` ` Stations KWHE and KIKU are located in the Honolulu, Hawaii, DMA. Although the  xcommunities served by G Force are on the Island of Kauai, those communities are within the Honolulu  xMDMA. G Force requests the Commission to modify the television markets of KWHE and KIKU by  xexcluding the communities it serves on the Island of Kauai from the two stations' markets. G Force  xsupports the request by arguing that the two stations do not provide any service to the subject  xcommunities. G Force contends that an analysis of the stations' circumstances under the four statutory  xzfactors considered in market modification cases demonstrates that the communities it serves on Kauai  xshould be excluded from the stations' markets. Lesea and KIKU oppose this request. The two station  x.licensees point out that G Force presently carries five other commercial television stations and one non x=commercial station from Honolulu. In view of this carriage of other Honolulu stations, Lesea and KIKU  xoppose the petition principally on the grounds that the requested market modifications would result in unjustified discrimination against their two stations.  S- ` }x8.` ` The facts relevant to some of the statutory factors considered in market modification cases  xare undisputed. Neither station provides a Grade B or better signal over the communities on Kauai,  xneither station identified any viewership in those communities, and neither station has a history of carriage  xon cable in the communities. These circumstances stem largely if not entirely from the distance,  xapproximately 118 miles, between Honolulu where the stations are located and Kauai. Weighed separately  xfrom any of the other factors we must consider, these factors in and of themselves may suggest that the communities on Kauai are too remote to be considered part of the two stations' markets.  S`- ` x9.` ` However, this record contains other factors we must consider. Despite the fact that the  xsignals of KWHE and KIKU fall well short of Kauai, both stations claim credit for programming  xzspecifically for the communities on that island. Lesea identified two and a half hours of programming"  ,p(p(88!"  S- xeach week which it contends is specifically directed toward Kauai audiences.u 3 {Oh-#X\  P6G;P#эSee Lesea Opposition, Exhibit 6.u The balance of KWHE's  xprogramming is made up of WB Network programming, nationally syndicated programming, and other  x>programming of general interest. KIKU, on the other hand, seeks credit under the local programming  x=factor based on the station's presentation of programming almost exclusively in various Asian languages.  xKIKU contends this Asian language programming meets the needs of the significant populations of Asian  x0origin on Kauai. G Force disputes the weight that should be given to any of this programming as  x.satisfying the needs of viewers on Kauai, because none of the programming reaches Kauai. The stations  xreply that the value of their programming to Kauai viewers, and the admitted absence of viewers in the  xsubject communities, should not be discounted as long as the stations and their programming are not presented to Kauai viewers on G Force's cable systems.  SH - ` x10.` ` The Commission has determined that consideration should be given to geographic factors  S - xthat form a natural separation between television stations and communities served by cable systems. Z3 {O-#X\  P6G;P#эSee Market Modifications and the New York Area of Dominant Influence, 12 FCC Rcd 12262, at  12 (1997). In  xythis connection, we recognise that the market core of the television stations serving the Hawaiian Islands,  x[and the stations themselves, are separated from the other Hawaiian Islands by expanses of ocean such as  xthe Kauai Channel in the case of the Island of Kauai.. In this rather unique setting television service is  x=provided by television stations located exclusively on the Island of Oahu, where Honolulu, the principal  xjpopulation center, is located. Service to the other islands is provided by means of satellite and translator  xstations operated on the other islands by the Honolulu stations. We note that five of the six Honolulu  S- xstations carried on G Force's cable systems operate translator stations on Kauai.13 {O- xZ#Xj\  P6G;9XP##X\  P6G;P#эSee Lesea Opposition, Exhibits 2 and 3. G Force states that the sixth station is viewable on Kauai by virtue of its elevated transmitter location on the Island of Oahu.1 Neither KWHE nor KIKU operates a translator or satellite station on Kauai.  S- ` x11.` ` The principal issue to be resolved in this case concerns the weight to be given to the fact  xthat G Force currently carries stations KFVETV (UPN), KGMBTV (CBS), KHNLTV (NBC), KHON xTV (FOX), KITVTV (ABC), and KHETTV (noncommercial) from Honolulu on its two cable systems  S- xserving the communities on Kauai.pF3 {O-#X\  P6G;P#эSee Lesea Opposition, p. 7.p Under Section 614(h) we must consider not only whether the cable  xsystem carries the station subject to the modification petition, but also whether "other stations located in  S- xthe same area historically have been carried on the cable system . . . ."|3 {O@ -#X\  P6G;P#эSee 47 U.S.C.  534(h)(1)(C)(ii)(I).| The ability of these Honolulu  xstations to reach cable viewers on Kauai where KWHE and KIKU are not carried impacts on the ability  xof KWHE and KIKU to compete with the other Honolulu stations. Such disparate carriage impacts  x.heavily on the ability of KWHE and KIKU to reach viewers on Kauai that the other Honolulu stations  S(- xare able to reach.(j 3 {O2%-#X\  P6G;P#эSee TWI Cable,Inc., 12 FCC Rcd 13187 (CSB 1997), at  17. We believe the carriage of the other Honolulu stations is indicative of the interest on  x=Kauai in programming of Honolulu stations and is evidence of a market nexus between Honolulu and the  xMcable communities on Kauai For these reasons, the carriage of the Honolulu stations in communities" ,p(p(88["  xjbeyond the Grade B coverage of KWHE and KIKU adds substantial weight, along with the weight given  xother identified statutory factors discussed above, to our determination about whether to exclude the Kauai  xcommunities from KWHE's and KIKU's markets. G Force has not demonstrated why KWHE and  S-KIKU should be treated differently from the other Honolulu stations.  S8-1 SUMMARY ă  S- ` $x12.` ` We have carefully considered each statutory factor in the context of the circumstances  xMpresented here. The carriage of the five Honolulu stations on the G Force cable systems on Kauai is  x.evidence of a strong market nexus between Honolulu and the cable communities on Kauai. Such carriage  Sp- xalso impacts heavily on the ability of KWHE and KIKU to reach viewers in a portion of the Honolulu  xMDMA that at least six of the other stations serving the DMA are able to reach. For these reasons, we  S - x/believe G Force's carriage of the Honolulu stations is an overriding factor in this case. 3 {O - x#X\  P6G;P#эWe are under no obligation to give particular weight to any particular one of the several statutory factors. See  {OR - xTime Warner Entertainment Co. v. FCC, 56 F.3d 151, 175 (D.C. Cir. 1995); Accord Omnipoint Corp. v. FCC, 78  xF.3d 620, 633634 (D.C. Cir. 1996) (When Congress directs an agency to consider certain factors, the agency simply  x"must reach an express and considered conclusion about the bearing of a factor, but is not required to give any specific weight to it.") We conclude  xthat G Forcefailed to demonstrate that the requested exclusion of the communities on Kauai served by  xits cable systems from KWHE's and KIKU's television markets will better effectuate the purposes of the  S -mustcarry statutory provisions.Z |3 yO- x#Xj\  P6G;9XP##X\  P6G;P#эOf course, to perfect any carriage rights on the cable systems of G Force on Kauai, the licensees of KWHE  xxand KIKU bear the burden the cost of delivering a good quality signal to the principal headends of G Force's cable  {OT-system. See 47 U.S.C.  534(h)(1)(B)(iii).  SX-1 ORDERING CLAUSES ă  S- ` 4x13..` ` For the foregoing reasons, IT IS ORDERED, pursuant to Section 614(h) of the  xCommunications Act of 1934, as amended, 47 U.S.C. 534(h), and Section 76.59 of the Commission's  S- xRules, 47 C.F.R. 76.59, that the petition for special relief filed on beha lf of G Force, L.L.C. in File No.  S-CSR5232A IS DENIED.  S@- ` _x14.` ` This action is taken pursuant to authority delegated by 0.321 of the Commission's Rules, 47 C.F.R. 0.321. x` ` hhFEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION x` `  hhWilliam H. Johnson  S-x` ` hhDeputy Chief, Cable Services Bureau