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See, e.g., Petition of ACS Enterprises, Inc. for Preemption of Norristown Zoning Ordinance, filed Sept. 26, 1995. Therefore, while we propose a rule for TVBS and MMDS devices that does not  X}-draw distinctions among receivers based on size,  we invite comments suggesting whether and when such distinctions might be justified, within the Commission's authority to implement the statutory language pursuant to Section 303 of the Communications Act. To implement the statutory directive of Section 207 of the 1996 Act, we propose a rule that preempts all unreasonable local zoning and other restrictions. We tentatively conclude that this approach fully implements the statute while preserving some measure of local autonomy and providing" P0*((" clarity of application and procedure. We accordingly propose a rule to preempt restrictions that impair a viewer's ability to receive TVBS and MMDS signals that is similar to the rule adopted to preempt restrictions of a viewer's ability to receive DBS signals. Our proposed  X-rule allows state and local governments to seek waiver of the preemption rule under certain  X-circumstances. See Appendix A.  Xx- 8. The Order and Further Notice establishes a presumption that restrictive state or local regulations are unreasonable, and therefore preempts them, if they affect the installation,  XL-maintenance, or use of a satellite earth station antenna that is one meter or less in diameter.bLs  X -ԍ Order and Further Notice at Appendix II,  25.104(b)(1)(B). The rule for larger satellite antennas preempts all state and local regulations that materially limit transmission or reception by satellite earth station antennas, but allows for rebuttal for aesthetic as well as health or safety objectives.b The presumption could be rebutted by obtaining a "final declaration" from the Commission or a court of competent jurisdiction that the state or local regulation is both necessary to accomplish a clearly defined and expressly stated health or safety objective, and is as narrowly drawn as possible to accomplish that objective. The local agency cannot overcome the presumption on aesthetic grounds. We tentatively conclude that this same presumption is  X -applicable to all MMDS and TVBS antennas. In the Order and Further Notice we also determined that any state or local authority that wished to maintain and to enforce regulations inconsistent with the preemption rule could apply to the Commission for a full or partial  X-waiver. Such a request must show local concerns of a highly specialized or unusual nature ,  Xh-and must include the particular regulation for which waiver is sought.h6s  XO-ԍ Id. We noted "some examples of circumstances that might warrant consideration of a waiver, depending on the circumstances and on how other types of antennas or modern accoutrements are treated, are genuine historic districts, waterfront property, or environmentally sensitive areas." We emphasized that "this list is not exhaustive nor is it  X-determinative." Order and Further Notice at  51 [footnotes omitted].  We tentatively conclude that this determination applies to MMDS and TVBS as well, and we accordingly  X:-propose rule section (b) to reflect that. See Appendix A. We solicit comment on this tentative conclusion and proposed rule, and specifically ask commenters to provide estimates of the volume of waivers we might expect under this proposed rule. We ask, too, whether any workable alternative approach exists that would reduce the anticipated burden on this  X-Commission of processing numerous requests for waivers or for declaratory rulings.  X-9. As we did in the Order and Further Notice, we note that antenna users and local governments are free to pursue litigation remedies in federal or state courts if they wish to  X-forego Commission review.< s  X%-ԍ Id.  47.< Further, our recently adopted rule states that "oB 0*(("ԌXNo civil, criminal, administrative, or other legal action of any kind shall be taken to enforce any regulation covered by this presumption unless the promulgating authority has obtained a waiver from the Commission . . ., or a final declaration from the Commission or a court of competent jurisdiction that the presumption has been  X-rebutted. . . .(# 47 C.F.R.  25.104(b)(1). We tentatively find that this approach would be appropriate here as  X_-well; see paragraph (a) of our proposed rule.  X3- 10. As noted in the Order and Further Notice,<3s  X -ԍ Id.  56.< Section 207, by its terms and by its legislative history, is not limited to governmental restrictions like zoning ordinances; rather, Section 207 refers simply to "restrictions that impair a viewer's ability to receive video  X -programming."< {s  X-ԍ 1996 Act  207.< The House Committee Report explains that this Houseoriginated section was intended "to preempt enforcement of State or local statutes and regulations, or State or  X -local legal requirements; or restrictive covenants or encumbrances. Existing regulations, including but not limited to, zoning laws, ordinances, restrictive covenants or homeowners'  X-association rules, shall be unenforceable to the extent [they are] contrary to this section."d,s  Xq-ԍ H.R. Report No. 204, 104th Cong., 1st Sess. 12324 (1995).d  X}-We tentatively conclude here, as we did in the Order and Further Notice, that Section 207 of the 1996 Act requires us to promulgate a rule prohibiting enforcement of nongovernmental as well as governmental restrictions on devices used to receive TVBS and MMDS signals. We accordingly propose a rule that includes a prohibition of nongovernmental restrictions for  X#-TVBS and MMDS similar to that we proposed for DBS in the Order and Further Notice. Here, as in that order, we tentatively conclude that it is appropriate to accord private, nongovernmental restrictions considerably less deference than we grant restrictions imposed by state or local governments, and we accordingly propose a rule that denies to such entities  X-the rebuttal and waiver provisions we provide for governmental entities. See Appendix A. We seek comment on this proposed rule.  Xo- IV. CONCLUSION  XA- 11. Consistent with the approach we adopted for DBS antennas in the Order and  X,-Further Notice, in this Notice we propose to adopt a presumptive preemption approach for all governmental restrictions on overtheair reception devices, and a full preemption approach for nongovernmental restrictions. We seek comment on these proposed approaches and on whether there is any procedural mechanism that might better effectuate the intent of the  X -statute than the approach we adopted in the Order and Further Notice. We will incorporate" 0*(("  X-in this proceeding any relevant comments received in response to the Earth Station Notice and  X-the Order and Further Notice in IB Docket No. 9559, so that participants in that proceeding need not resubmit or duplicate their arguments here.  X-  X-V. ORDERING CLAUSES Đ  12. Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED, pursuant to the Communications Act of 1934, 47 U.S.C.  151, 154, 303(r), 403, and 405, and the Telecommunications Act of 1996, Pub. L.  X5-104104, 110 Stat. 56 (1996)  207, NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN and COMMENT IS SOUGHT regarding the proposal, discussion, and statement of issues in this Notice of Proposed Rulemaking.  X - 13. This is a nonrestricted notice and comment rulemaking proceeding. Ex parte presentations and contacts are permitted, provided they are disclosed as provided in the  X -Commission's rules. See generally 47 C.F.R.  1.1202, 1.1206.  14. As required by the Regulatory Flexibility Act, the Commission has prepared an Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis (IRFA) of the expected impact on small entities of the  XS-proposals suggested in this document. The IRFA is set forth in Appendix B. Written public comments are requested on the IRFA. These comments must be filed in accordance with the same filing deadlines as comments on the Notice itself, but must have a separate and distinct heading identifying them as responses to the Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis. 15. This Notice of Proposed Rulemaking contains either a proposed or modified information collection. As part of our continuing effort to reduce paperwork burdens, we invite the general public and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to take this opportunity to comment on the information collections contained in this Notice, as required by the Paperwork Recuction Act of 1995, Pub. L. No. 10413. Public and agency comments are due at the same time as other comments on this Notice of Proposed Rulemaking; OMB comments are due 60 days from the date of publication of this Notice in the Federal Register. Comments should address: (a) whether the proposed collection of information is necessary for the proper performance of the functions of the Commission, including whether the information will have practical utility; (b) the accuracy of the Commission's burden estimates; (c) ways to enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of the information collected; and (d) ways to minimize the burden of the collection of information on the respondents, including the use of automated collection tehcniques or other forms of information technology. 16. Pursuant to applicable procedures set forth in Section 1.415 and 1.419 of the Commission's rules, 47 C.F.R.  1.415, 1.419, interested parties may file comments on or  Xp$-before May 6, 1996, and reply comments on or before May 21, 1996. As noted above, relevant comments filed in the DBS proceeding, IB Docket No. 9559, will be incorporated in the record here and will contribute to the development of our final rule. All pleadings must conform to Section 1.49(a) of the Commission's rules, 47 C.F.R. 1.49(a). To file formally"+'0*((%" in this proceeding, you must file an original and six copies of all comments or reply comments. If you want each Commissioner to receive a personal copy of your comments, you must file an original plus eleven copies. You should send comments and reply comments to the Office of the Secretary, Federal Communications Commission, Washington, D.C. 20554. Comments and reply comments will be available for public inspection during regular business hours in the FCC Reference Center of the Federal Communications Commission, 1919 M Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20554. For further information contact Randi Albert  X_-or Jacqueline Spindler at (202) 4160800. V 17. Written comments by the public on the proposed and/or modified information  X -collections are due May 6, 1996. Written comments must be submitted by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) on the proposed and/or modified collections on or before 60 days after date of publication in the Federal Register. In addition to filing comments with the Secretary, a copy of any comments on the information collections contained herein should be submitted to Dorothy Conway, Federal Communications Commission, Room 234, 1919 M Street, NW, Washington DC 20554, or via the Internet to dconway@fcc.gov, and to Timothy Fain, OMB Desk Officer, 10236 NEOB, 725 17th Street, NW, Washington DC 20503 or via the Internet to fain_t@al.eop.gov. 18. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Secretary shall send a copy of this Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business  X-Administration in accordance with paragraph 603(a) of the Regulatory Flexibility Act, Pub. L.  X-No. 95354, 94 Stat. 1164, 5 U.S.C.  601 et seq. (1981). ` `  hh,VFEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION ` `  hh,VWilliam F. Caton ` `  hh,VActing Secretary "9 0*((?"  X-` `  hh,Vpp APPENDIX A Proposed Rule:  X-X(a)(1)X` ` Any state or local zoning, landuse, building, or similar regulation, that affects the installation, maintenance, or use of devices designed for overtheair reception of television broadcast signals or multichannel multipoint distribution service shall be presumed unreasonable and is therefore preempted subject to paragraph (a)(2). No civil, criminal, administrative, or other legal action of any kind shall be taken to enforce any regulation covered by this presumption unless the promulgating authority has obtained a waiver from the Commission pursuant to paragraph (b), or a final declaration from the Commission or a court of competent jurisdiction that the presumption has been rebutted pursuant to paragraph (a)(2).(#`  X - (2)` ` Any presumption arising from paragraph (a)(1) of this section may be rebutted upon a showing that the regulation in question:(#`  Xb-` ` (A)X is necessary to accomplish a clearly defined health or safety objective that is stated in the text of the regulation itself; (#  X-` ` (B)X is no more burdensome to television broadcast service or multichannel multipoint distribution service reception device users than is necessary to achieve the health or safety objective; and(#  X-` ` (C)X is specifically applicable on its face to devices designed for overtheair reception of television broadcast signals or multichannel multipoint distribution service.(#  Xe-X(b)X` ` Any state or local authority that wishes to maintain and enforce zoning or other regulations inconsistent with this section may apply to the Commission for a full or partial waiver of this section. Such waivers may be granted by the Commission in its sole discretion, upon a showing by the applicant of local concerns of a highly specialized or unusual nature. No application for waiver shall be considered unless it specifically sets forth the particular regulation for which waiver is sought. Waivers granted in accordance with this section shall not apply to laterenacted or amended regulations by the local authority unless the Commission expressly orders otherwise. (#`  X#-X(c)X` ` No restrictive covenant, encumbrance, homeowners' association rule, or other nongovernmental restriction shall be enforceable to the extent that it impairs a viewer's ability to receive video programming signals from overtheair television broadcast or multichannel multipoint distribution service. (#` "#' 0*((%"  X-  ` `  hh,Vpp   APPENDIX B  X-  Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis ĐlU  X-Reason for Action  X- The rulemaking is initiated to obtain comment on the implementation of Section 207 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, Pub. L. 104104, 110 Stat. 56 (1996), as it applies to overtheair reception of television broadcast signals and multichannel multipoint distribution services.  X -Objectives The Commission seeks to evaluate whether our proposed rule preempting nonfederal restrictions on zoning and landuse will enhance viewers' ability to receive video programming services through devices designed for overtheair reception of television broadcast signals and multichannel multipoint distribution services.  Xy-Legal Basis The proposed action is authorized under Section 1 of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, 47 U.S.C.  151, and Section 207 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, Pub. L. 104104, 110 Stat. 56 (1996).  X-Reporting, Recordkeeping, and Other Compliance Requirements State and local governments propounding regulations which restrict the installation,  X-maintenance or use of devices designed for receiving overtheair signals of television broadcast and multichannel multipoint distribution services may request declaratory rulings from the Commission that their regulations are reasonable, or may petition the Commission for waiver of the rule.  X7-Federal Rules that Overlap, Duplicate or Conflict with These Requirements None.  X-  X-Description, Potential Impact and Number of Small Entities Involved  X - Any policies or regulations adopted in this proceeding could affect small businesses that install or use devices designed for overtheair reception of television broadcast signals and multichannel multipoint distribution services. In addition, small nonfederal entities will be affected by the rule and may have to reevaluate their landuse policies.  X:&-Any Significant Alternatives Minimizing the Impact on Small Entities Consistent with the  X#'-Stated Objectives This Notice solicits comments on any suggested alternatives.